The Program of Transition (complete Title: Programme of Transition or the anguish from capitalism and the tasks of IVe International ), written by Leon Trotsky and published in 1938 within the framework of the foundation of the IV {{E}} International, defines the process of the Communist Revolution.
Historical context
The publication of the Program of Transition falls under the period making following the First World War. The Russian Revolution of 1917 having taken place, Lénine having died in 1924, Stalin was with the orders of the the USSR. The Fascisme was installed since nearly 20 years in Italy like in Germany, which was on the point of entering in war. This period immediately follows that of the Popular front in France.
The Program of Transition
Trotsky recalls first of all that the crisis of humanity returns to the crisis of the revolutionary direction. Moreover, noting the failure of the Fascism, the Democracy French and British and of the III {{E}} International to solve the crisis of humanity, it proposes the foundation of a IV {{E}} Internationale. It defines then the minimum program , included in the program of transition. This one consists of the implementation of middle-class reforms of the company to facilitate the life of the Prolétariat and to open the way of the program of transition, which consists of the inversion of the Capitalisme. That leads it to consider scale flexible salary , which consists of the creation of increasing wages, as well as a sliding scale of the work hours , which consist of the indexing of the working time on the number of workers, leading to a perpetual reduction of the working time with a maintenance of the wages.
Trotsky request the creation of national revolutionary parties, establishment of large trade unions - by preventing their divisions, as well as strike committees and committees of factory for the whole of the proletariat. The latter will have as a role to counterbalance the capacity of the leaders of the Entreprise S but only in manner transitory. It is also question of eliminating the principle from the “Commercial secret” and of giving to the workman the access to the whole of the accounts of the companies. Consequently, it is necessary to proceed to the Expropriation of the leaders of the Industrie of war, of the Railroad, the sources of raw materials and the banks. A credit adapted to the peasants and the workmen must be proposed by the Banque S main roads.
It is then question of equipping the Prolétariat so that it takes control: the installation of strike pickets is used to counterbalance the capacity of the Bourgeoisie. The working detachments come thereafter from self-defense , then the working militia . Trotsky suggests awaiting a certain advance of the Révolution before the proletariat does not take the weapons.
Concerning the peasants, Trotsky suggests the creation of a committee of small farmers , of a inspection committee of the prices and the Nationalization and the Collectivisation of the Agriculture, without for all this small the Artisan S and small tradesmen is not expropriés.
Trotsky proposes to work with the disarmament of the middle-class and rejects the neutrality of the countries in the course of Révolution so that those export the Revolution. He asks a revolutionary mobilization of the youth and the creation of the Right to vote for the men and the women as of the 18 years age. He proposes moreover the expropriation of the companies working for the war and the confiscation of their Bénéfice S. the proletariat must ensure its political and financial independence with respect to the middle-class, must be able to be informed diplomatic operations carried out between the state S and to be able to intervene in the implementation of the Revolution, while being formed with that.
The peasants and workmen will have to link themselves vis-a-vis the middle-class and to establish to them Gouvernement. After the expropriation of the middle-class only, It will be possible to implement the Soviet S.
In the colonial countries, an agrarian Revolution must be implemented, in parallel of the national Indépendance - in order to demolish yoke imperialist. Several processes are possible, utilizing a National Assembly made up by the masses or by a permanent revolution .
Trotsky describes the the USSR like a degenerated working state. Also, it proposes a new proletarian revolution there, consistent in the inversion of the Stalinist Bureaucratie and the fight against the social inequality and political oppression. These apparatuses will be replaced by the Soviet S, giving place to the Soviet democracy. It will rise from this revolution the recasting of the economy planned and of the Kolkhoze S. This revolution must make place with youth and the hard-working women.
Plan of the text of the Program of Transition
- objective premises of the socialist revolution
- proletariat and its directions
- minimum Program and programme of flexible salary transition
- Scale and sliding scale of the work hours
- trade unions in the time of transition
- committees from factory
- the “commercial secret” and working control on industry
- expropriation in certain groups of capitalists
- the expropriation of the private banking and the nationalization of the system of credit
- strike pickets, detachments of combat, the working militia, the armament of the proletariat
- the alliance of the workmen and the peasants
- the fight against the imperialism and the war
- the working and country government
- the Soviets
- backward countries and the program of the transitory claims
- the program of the transitory claims in the fascistic countries
- the USSR and tasks of the time of transition
- Against opportunism and the revisionism in the principles
- Against sectarianism
- Place to youth! Place at the hard-working women!
- Under the flag of IVe International
See too
Related articles
- Class struggle
- IV {{E}} International
- Leon Trotsky
External bonds
Center studies and research on the movements trotskyste and revolutionists international
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