The program of the United Nations for the environment ( PNUE , in English in United Nations Environment Programs , UNEP) is an organization created in 1972 having for goal of:
- to coordinate the activities of the the United Nations in the field of the environment,
- to assist the countries in the implementation of environmental policies,
- to encourage sustainable development.
Its seat is with the office of the United Nations with Gigiri in the south of Nairobi (UNON) to the Kenya. The PNUE was the first organization of UNO based in a developing country.
Creation
The final declaration of the Conference of the United Nations on the environment resulting from the conference of the United Nations on the human environment (also named 1st Sommet of the Earth) which was held with Stockholm 5 at June 16th, 1972) poses the bases of the PNUE.
Officially, the PNUE east creates on December 15th, 1972 by resolution 2997 at the time of XXVIIe General meeting of the United Nations entitled institutional and financial Dispositions concerning the international cooperation in the field of the environment .
Context
In 1972, modern ecology was hardly born. In the industrialized countries, a new paradigm is born. In 1962, the zoologist Rachel Carson publishes in Silent Spring which shows certain pesticides to be dangerous for the birds and the man then in 1968, the ecologist Garrett Hardin in The Tragedy off the Commons develops the idea that the air and the water which surround us cannot be enclosed .
In the developing countries, the vicious circle between poverty and environmental pollution are summarized by Indira Gandhi with the conference of Stockholm (as a Prime Minister of India) “poverty is the most serious form of pollution”.
The effects Teratogenic S of the Thalidomide discovered in 1960-61, and the increasingly precise evidence of chemical Pollution of the mediums. March 18th, 1967, the Torrey Canyon makes shipwreck and gives to birth to the first elements of the policies Frenchwoman, British and European of prevention and fight against large the oil slicks.
Among the actions in favor of the environment, one notes the Club of Rome and the report/ratio ordered in 1972 with the Massachusetts Institute off Technology: Halt with the growth? .
Description of the organization
These activities cover broad wide problems. Safeguard of the ecosystem S terrestrial and atmospheric with the promotion of the environmental Science, it also works out means of preventions and prompt responses with the environmental disasters. The PNUE thus developed handbooks of recommendations and treaties of applications on the problems such as the international business of potentially dangerous chemicals, the transborder Air pollution as well as the contamination of the international maritime ways.
The World Meteorological Organization and the PNUE have creates the intergovernmental Group of expert on the evolution of the climate (GIEC) in 1988.
The four principal bodies of the PNUE are the board of directors, the total forum of the ministers of environment, the secretariat and the funds for the environment.
It employs approximately 600 people of various nationalities
Offices
The PNUE has of six regional offices (RO for Régional Office) and a network of centers:
- Europe ROE, Geneva, Switzerland,
- Africa ROA, Nairobi, Kenya,
- North America RONA, Washington D.C, the United States,
- Asia/Peaceful ROAP, Bangkok,
- Latin America and the Caribbean ROLAC/ be Oficina Regional América para Latin there el Caribe : ORPALC, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama,
- Occidental Asia ROWA, Al-Manāmah.
Liaison offices
The PNUE has seven liaison offices:
- Liaison office with the European Union, Brussels, Europe
- Liaison office of New York, United Nations
- Liaison office of the Arab League, Cairo,
- Liaison office of Beijing, China, open in September 2003
- Liaison office of Brasilia, open in April 2004
- Liaison office of Moscow, Russia
- Liaison office of Addis-Abeba,
Divisions
The PNUE also has seven divisions, including 6 located at Nairobi:
- Division of Fast Alarm and Evaluation (DEWA)
- Division of the Implementation of the Environmental Policies (DEPI)
- Division of the Regional Co-operation (DRC)
- Division of the environmental Right and Conventions (DELC)
- Division of the Communication and Information (DCPI)
- Division of the Coordination of the Fund for the World Environment (DGEF)
- Division Technology, Industry and Economy (DTIE)
Persons in charge
- Achim Steiner 2006 - Germany
- Klaus Töpfer 1998 - 2006 Germany
- Elizabeth Dowdeswell 1993 - 1998 Canada
- Mostafa Kamal Tolba 1976 - 1992
- Maurice Strong 1973 - 1975 Canada
Publications
The division of the communication and information publishes a certain number of documents:
- annual reports of the PNUE,
- of the scientific reports/ratios
- of the novels
- of the magazines: Our planet, and Tunza (the magazine of the PNUE for the young people)
- a newsletter: Synergies
EarthPrint is the bookstore in official line of the PNUE.
Price and rewards
The PNUE decrees a certain number of prices and rewards:
- the champions of the Earth as Champions off the Earth
- world Prize list of the 500, created in 1987, the price was given to 683 people or organizations until her replacement in 2005 by the champions of the Earth, into Total 500 Roll off Honor for Environmental Achievement
- the Sasakawa price for the environment in UNEP Sasakawa Prize
- in The Seed Awards
- the Volvo price for the environment in Volvo Environment Prize
- as X-ray One Your World - UNEP International Photographic Competition
- in International Hotel and Restaurant Association (IH&RA) Environmental Award
- the Zayed international prize for the environment in International Zayed Prize for the Environment
- LivCom Awards: The International prize of the livable communities in The LivCom Awards: International Awards for Liveable Communities
- the world price of the PNUE for the layer of ozone out of Ozone Awards
- in The Green Awards
Reform
Since the Summit of the Earth 2002 with Johannesburg and the reform project of UNO initiated in January 1997 by Kofi Annan, a reform of PNUE is considered. The creation of the ONUE (United Nations for the environment). The “friends of the ONUE” met in Agadir April 12th and 13rd 2007; a few days later, the spokesperson of the United States indicates that the government of the USA did not see the interest of a ONUE.November 9th, 2007, the PNUE announced lacreation of a “ group of expert on the durable management of the resources ” ( ONE - Resource Panel )
| Random links: | Efficeon | Turtle-dove | Old communes of the Flowering ash | Advanced vocational diploma - Management of the services of water and cleansing | Quintus Servilius Caepio (consul in -140) |