See also: Apollo

The program Apollo is the space program of the the United States of America intended to make it possible the man to put foot on the the Moon and, of course to return from there. It was launched by John F. Kennedy the May 25th 1961, and was reaffirmed in its famous speech (“We choose to go to the moon”) the September 12th 1962. In this speech, he announced that the Americans would have posed the foot on the Moon “  before the end of this décennie  ”.

The first Apollo mission during which the man walked on the Moon is Apollo 11 with Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. Let us not forget Michael Collins which had the “ungrateful” role, but absolutely paramount, of pilot of the module of order.

During all this program, the man will have taken foot on the Moon only six times.

Vessel

The Vaisseau Apollo consisted of three principal sections plus two minor sections.

  • the CSM or combination of the modules of order and service:

    • the Module of order Apollo was the part in which the astronauts passed most of their time, including launching since the Earth and the sea landing. It is the only part of the vessel to return on Earth after the mission.
    • the Module of service Apollo sheltered all the equipment necessary to the survival of the astronauts, such as the tanks of Oxygène and of Eau, the engines which placed the vessel in lunar brought back Orbite and it on Terrestrial orbit, etc
  • the Lunar module (or LEM), was the part of the indeed landing vessel. It consisted of 2 stages:
    • the first was used exclusively for the lunar landing and remained on the moon,
    • while the second was used for the increase in lunar orbit, in order to join the remainder of the vessel.
  • the tower of evacuation to launching (LET) was conceived to carry only the module of order far from the launcher Saturn V if it were to undergo a failure on takeoff.
  • the adapter of the module of the lunar vessel (SLA) was used to connect the vessel to the vehicle of launching.

List missions

Missions of test

  • AS-201 (retrospectively and semi-officially Apollo 1a ) (February 26th 1966), not inhabited mission, first test of the launcher Saturn IB.
  • AS-203 (retrospectively and semi-officially Apollo 3 ) (July 5th 1966), mission not inhabited, test on the effect of weightlessness on the fuel tanks.
  • AS-202 (retrospectively and semi-officially Apollo 2 ) (August 25th 1966), not inhabited mission, suborbital test of the launcher Saturn IB, the module of order and service.
  • Apollo 1 (initially AS-204 ) (January 27th 1967), live mission, loss of the crew following a fire during tests on the ground.
  • Apollo 4 (November 9th 1967), not inhabited mission, test of the launcher Saturn V.
  • Apollo 5 (January 22nd 1968 - February 12th 1968), not inhabited mission, test of the launcher Saturn IB and the lunar module.
  • Apollo 6 (April 4th 1968), not inhabited mission, test of the launcher Saturn V.

Inhabited missions of test

  • Apollo 7 (October 11th 1968 - October 22nd 1968), live mission, first Apollo manned flight, first capsule to take along 3 astronauts in orbit.
  • Apollo 8 (December 21st 1968 - December 27th 1968), live mission, first flight around towards the Moon.
  • Apollo 9 (March 3rd 1969 - March 13rd 1969), live mission, first manned flight with the Lunar module in terrestrial orbit.
  • Apollo 10 (May 18th 1969 - May 26th 1969), live mission, first manned flight around the Moon with the lunar module.

Live missions being posed on the Moon

  • Apollo 11 (July 16th 1969 - July 24th 1969), live mission, first steps of the Man on the Moon.

  • Apollo 12 (November 14th 1969 - November 24th 1969), live mission, first to be posed in a precise way.
  • Apollo 13 (April 11th 1970 - April 17th 1970), live mission; it is not posed following the explosion of an oxygen tank.
  • Apollo 14 (January 31st 1971 - February 9th 1971), live mission, Alan Shepard is the first (and only) of the astronauts of the Programme Mercury to be gone on the Moon.

Live missions being posed with a lunar vehicle of exploration

  • Apollo 15 (July 26th 1971 - August 7th 1971), live mission, first mission with the lunar Rover.

  • Apollo 16 (April 16th 1972 - April 27th 1972), live mission, first to be posed on the top-plates.
  • Apollo 17 (December 7th 1972 - December 19th 1972), live mission, the last not of the Man on the Moon.

Cancelled missions

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