The Manifeste of the Communist party is a fine test written 1847 and beginning 1848 by the German philosopher Karl Marx, and published in February 1848.

It was commissioned by the Ligue of the Communists. Karl Marx wrote the final text on the basis of text and discussions preparatory within the League of the Communists, and in particular on the basis of contribution of his/her friend Friedrich Engels. The final slogan - " Proletarians of all the countries, you link " - had been adopted by the League of the Communists several months before.

It is initially appeared anonymously, then was republished later with mention of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as authors, under the title Communist Manifesto .

Although considering several aspects of the text exceeded, in particular because of the lessons to be learned from the Commune, Marx and Engels wrote in 1872: “ the Proclamation is a historical document that we do not allot ourselves any more the right to modify ” (foreword with the Communist Manifesto , 1872).

Introduction

The introduction proposes the recognition of Communism, and the need for making known it more for it is actually:

A spectrum haunts Europe: the spectrum of the Communism. All the powers of the old woman Europe were linked in the Holy Alliance to track this spectrum: the Pope and the Tsar, Metternich and Guizot, radical of France and police officers of Germany.

Which is the opposition which was not shown of Communism by its adversaries with the capacity? Which is the opposition which, in its turn, did not return to its adversaries of right-hand side or left the defamatory epithet of Communist?

He results a double enseignement.
from it
Already Communism is recognized like a power by all the powers of Europe.

It is high time that the Communists expose to the face of the whole world, their designs, their goals and their tendencies; that they oppose to the tale of the communist spectrum a proclamation of the Party him-même.

It is for this purpose that Communists of various nationalities met in London and wrote the following Proclamation, which is published in English, French, German, Italian, Dutch and Danish.

Extracts

• “the history of any company until our days was only the history of class struggles”.

• “the modern middle-class company, high on the ruins of the feudal company, did not abolish antagonisms of classes. It did nothing but substitute new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of fight to those of formerly”.

• “Pushed by the need for always new outlets, the middle-class invades the whole sphere. It is necessary for him to be established everywhere, exploit everywhere, establish relations everywhere”.

• “All the historical movements, up to now, were achieved by minorities or with the profit of the minorities. The proletarian movement is the spontaneous movement of the vast majority to the profit of the vast majority”.

• “the existence and the domination of the middle-class class have as an essential condition the accumulation of the richness to the hands of the private individuals, the formation and the increase in Capital; the condition of existence of the capital, it is wage-earning. Wage-earning rests exclusively on the competition of the workmen between them”.

• “You are seized by horror because we want to abolish the private property. But, in your company, the private property is abolished for the nine tenth of its members. It is precisely because it does not exist for these nine tenth which it exists for you. You thus reproach us for wanting to abolish a form of property which can exist only in the condition that the vast majority is frustrated of any property. In a word, you show us to want to abolish your property with you. In truth, it is well what we want”.

• “Communism does not take from anybody the capacity to adapt social products; it removes only the capacity to control using this appropriation the work of others”.

• “the workers do not have a fatherland”.

• “Abolish the exploitation of the man by the man, and you will abolish the exploitation of a nation by another nation. Day when fall antagonism from the classes inside the nation, fall also the hostility from the nations between them”.

• “one time the dominant ideas were never but the ideas of the dominant class”.

• “In the place of the old middle-class company, with its classes and its antagonisms of classes, emerges an association where the free development of each one is the condition of the free development of all”.

See too

• Full text on ABU
• entirety of the readable and downloadable work free and legally.
• a reading of the full text écoutable and downloadable free and legally.

Zh-min-nan: Kiōng-sán-tóng Soan-giân Zh-yue: 共產黨宣言