Prenuragic culture

The prenuragic culture is one period of the Histoire of Sardinia which precedes, as its name indicates it, the age nuragic, which is characteristic of the island. It is made up of several civilizations which go, to the court of the ages, to allow the installation of the nuragic culture.

Civilizations of Filiestru and Arzachena

During this period (-6000 with -3730), the man lives in Grotte S (cave of Santo Stephano in the archipelago of Maddalena, or the green cave of Alghero for example), and practical especially the gathering and the Chasse, but also the Agriculture. Through the found vestiges of this time, and in particular the objects in Céramique decorated using a shell with Cardium, one could determine the presence of exchange with other people of the the Western Mediterranean, which allowed, in addition to the commercial exchanges, of the cultural exchanges and monks. Consequently, the Men of Filiestru make use of caves, like tombs. The trade turns around the Obsidienne of Monte Arci which is provided in the countries of the Mediterranean basin. At that time, the men consume already the fruits of the Pistachier mastic tree.

Contemporainement with the final part of the civilization of Filiestru , one second is born. The civilization of Arzachena is characteristic, owing to the fact that the Men who of it come, start to bury their deaths in circular tombs (Cercle megalithic or funerary). This civilization, contrary to the preceding one, remains very geographically restricted (area of Gallura), however it remains a long time present, until the end of the third millennium (towards -2000).

Civilization of Bonuighinu

This Civilization (-3730 with -3300) is characterized by the appearance of the Dee Madre (Déesse S mother), which are female divinities represented by obese stone figurines, that one calls also dea nuda (naked goddess). This arrival coincides with that of the Domus of janas, which are artificial caves dug in the rock and which are used as Tombe. The Hommes of this time gather into small tribes which côtoient, cultivate the Blé and practice the breeding.

In the years 70, during the construction of a channel, the workmen discovered vestiges which proved to be a village going back to -3400. The huts of this village were half-sunken; one also found many Tombe S. Ainsi, whereas at the beginning of the period, the men still lived in Grotte S, they then built the first Village S of huts. This second period is called the culture of San Ciraico .

Civilization of Ozieri

This time (-3300 with -2480) sees emerging the most important Civilization of the prenuragic era, because of the evolution Technique which it brings in many fields, and this in practically all the island, contrary to preceding civilizations. Thus one can note the great quality of the vases S, of the Céramique S, of coloured decorations, but also of the Outil S of Chasse. The Habitation S circulars are within Village S and are built out of stones and are placed in height, but are deprived of fortifications. The people nourish themselves thanks to the breeding, with the Agriculture, and the Chasse. One also observes the appearance of collective burials of more complex types Domus of janas, and Dolmen S, which reveals a significant development of the Culte S.

Civilizations of Abealzu-Filigosa and of Assembles Claro

These two Civilization S developed at the time of the same period (-2480 with -1855), but in different places. First is localized in the center Occidental of the island (towards the commune of Macomer), whereas the second is in the south (towards Cagliari).

The civilization of Abealzu-Filigosa , does not bring, contrary to the preceding one, of evolution major Technique. Indeed, “of the archaeological investigations, still too reduced, makes emerge that most of the modes of Construction S, architectural forms , modes of Habitation S and burial of the culture of Ozieri find in that of Abealzu-Filigosa ” . What is outstanding at it is thus of another kind. Indeed, whereas the previous period seemed Pacifiste, this news Civilization is at the origin of the appearance of defense systems, and the development of Arme S.

The civilization of Monte Claro resembles that of Abealzu-Filigosa , but it starts to use the Métal in a very minority way compared to the stone. Moreover, the Guerrier S will form a true dominant class in this company, which testifies to the Besoin that this Peuple has to be defended. The latter take again the Culture campaniform vases (going back to -2500) , that one finds in the Western Europe.

See too

Random links: