The territory would have been discovered and populated by groups of hunter-gatherer approximately thirty thousand years ago. The Agriculture would have developed in Mexico towards 9000 av. JC, even if the most important culture of agriculture mésoaméricaine, the Maïs, were domesticated only in the surrounding of 5000 av. JC. Archaeological evidence shows that the first potteries were produced towards 2500 av. JC, which marks the beginning of civilization mésoaméricaine because it is by definition what characterizes the sedentary companies.

Before the development of the Intensive agriculture (between 1800 and 1500 av. JC), the companies mésoaméricaines was levelling, i.e. they were human groups with an incipient social differentiation, based on difference of kind, age, and groups of relationship.

Since the construction of the systems of Irrigation requires an important labor, we can consider that the development of companies laminated in Mésoamérique took place at the same time, even if those consolidated ourselves during the late preclassical time and the early traditional time. Towards 100 ap JC, the town of Teotihuacan evolves to the first complex State of the area, being placed with the China, the India, the Egypt and the Peru in the list of the first States of humanity.

During more than three thousand years, Mexico was the cradle of civilizations advanced such as the Olmèque S, the Tarasque S, the Mexicas, and the Maya S. Moreover it was the theater of several States, like Tlaxcala, Colima and Tenochtitlan, which was established and developed in the center and the south of the current territory of the country between 100 ap JC and shortly after the arrival of the Spaniards in America.

The antiques inhabitants of the Mexican territory reached a very advanced level for the time in mathematics, astronomy, architecture, botany and like in other fields of knowledge. When well even they belonged to different cultures and their development were with various stages, the Amerindians who lived this territory divided a similar Cosmogonie.

The cultures olmèque, teotihuacaine, toltèque, Maya and mexica extended their influence to other areas, consolidated their capacity and influenced art, the trade, the policy, technology and theology. Mexicas were the first in the world to practice obligatory education for all, without reference of kind or class. There were two types of schools: the telpochcalli , for the practical studies and soldier, and the Calmecac, to learn the writing, astronomy, art to control, theology and other knowledge.