A prefecture is a territorial administrative division.
Roman Empire
See also: Division of the Roman empire
The word prefecture (resulting from Latin will præfectura ) was initially the name given by the Romains to the Ville S which depended on them and which a Préfet ( præfectus ) controlled, in opposition to the Municipe S and with the colonies, which enjoyed whole or part of the right of citizen Roman.
Under Dioclétien, the Roman Empire was divided into four prefectures directed by prefects of the court. It was:
These prefectures were divided then into Diocèse S and those subdivided in Roman provinces.
China
See also: Prefecture (China)
France
In France, the prefecture term indicates at the same time:- the spring of a prefect:
- the city where it sits (chief town of department);
- the administrative services which assist it;
- the building which lodges the prefect and his services.
The means of the prefectures constitute the program “territorial Administration” of the budget of the State, within the framework of the mission “Administration general and territorial of the State”. The payment appropriations of this program amounted to 1,742 billion euros in 2006, including 73% in personnel expenditure, 19% in operating expenses and 8% in capital expenditures.
Departmental prefectures
A prefecture, as a spring, recovers a territory absolutely identical to the department in which a Préfet is named. The language running often indicates the Chef-lieu department under the name of “prefecture”. The department itself is subdivided in several sub-prefectures, which always correspond to a Arrondissement. The prefect supervises the whole of the districts of the department. The general secretary of the prefecture is also the sub-prefect of the district chief town. The other districts each one are directed by a Sous-préfet, which sits at the Sous-préfecture or Chef-lieu of district.
The administrative services of a prefecture are organized in an almost similar way in each department. This administration, from which the objectives and the means are different from the general advices departments, sits in one or more sometimes indicated buildings: “hotel of prefecture”. It is there that obligatorily a prefect in function resides.
The missions of the prefectures of department include:
- the delivery of the acts of identity, the passports, the automobile licenses, driving licenses
- the Control of legality of the acts of the local government agencies.
- the interdepartmental coordination of the decentralized services of the State
- the management of the European funds.
- civil protection and safety
- the organization of the elections
See it: List of the prefectures of France.
Regional headquarters
Regional headquarters are the spring of a Regional prefect. Created in 1964, they were called “districts of regional action”. They correspond to the “areas of program” drawn in the years 1950 and which gave rise to current the French Régions.
The regional prefect being always the prefect of department sitting at the chief town of an area, the services of the regional prefect sit in the same city.
Regional headquarters lay out of a general secretary with the regional businesses
Police port authorities
The French maritime field is also cut out in prefectures. They replaced old the admiralty S of the Ancien Mode.The main missions of the police port authorities are the safety at sea which are ensured by the Operational regional center of surveillance and of rescue (CROSS-COUNTRY RACE), maritime safety and the safeguarding of the environment. The maritime police chiefs coordinate the action at sea administrations and the implementation of their means (national marine, maritime businesses, customs, gendarmerie…)
The France account three police port authorities:
-
police port authority of the Atlantic based with Brest (http://www.premar-atlantique.gouv.fr/ official site)
- police port authority of the the Mediterranean based with Toulon (http://www.premar-mediterranee.gouv.fr/ official site)
- police port authority of the Handle and the the North Sea based with Cherbourg (http://www.premar-manche.gouv.fr/ official site)
Police headquarter
See also: Police headquarter
Japan
See also: Prefectures of Japan
The Japan is divided administratively into 47 prefectures, among which one counts:
- 43 ken or provinces;
- 1 to or metropolis (the capital Tōkyō);
- 1 dō or goes (the island of Hokkaidō) (sometimes called ken );
- 2 fu or urban prefectures (the old capital Kyōto and the town of Ōsaka).
These departments in fact the subdivisions of the eight historical areas of Japan, are called in French District S or areas: they include/understand of 1 (Hokkaidō) at 9 departments.
The department of Hokkaidō, vastest of Japan, is for this reason the only one with being divided of 14 sub-prefectures.
See too
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