Postmodernity

Definitions of the postmodernity or the surmodernity

Philosophical movement and intellectual (not to be confused with the Postmodernisme), of the end of the XXe century which tries, after the collapse of the Idéologie S to fall under the prolongation of the Structuralisme and the Déconstructivisme, while criticizing the heritage of the Freudisme and the Marxisme.

The post-modern thinkers are located with a view to surmount the Désenchantement of the world, after the disintegration of the cultural or religious reference marks, and the obvious failure of the Utopie S revolutionists. It must much to the philosopher Jean-François Lyotard ( the post-modern condition ) who defines it as the time of the fine “great accounts” .

Principal representatives in France: Lipovetsky, Lyotard, Derrida, Vattimo, Baudrillard, Trough, Virilio, Rem Koolhaas.

Post-modernity can be defined as one era or period which follows modernity or modern times after a rupture.

See also: Post-modernism, post-modern Philosophy

Postmodernity v. Hypermodernité or Surmodernité?

the relation of these two concepts is not yet definitively regulated but the hypermodernism succeeds the postmodernity.

Philosophy of the history

The postmodernism, it is the bursting of the temporal and local references: when the prémodernes rested on the tradition and the modern ones on the future, the postmodern ones have the feet in the vacuum. The past, where the authorities were failing in their task, hardly rejoin, while the future does not hold as many any more promises (the " No future! " Punk S), insofar as it is completely dubious considering the exponential evolution of human work.

In this context, where the man does not have any more a reference mark, the postmodernity is either the era of the return to the ethical , like dialectical of becoming of each man, or the dive in the strongly esthetized fictitious universe of the Sous-culture S.

Good management and research of the wellbeing replace the will of transformation of the company (cf Sloterdijk). It is also that of the resurgence of the topic nietzschéen of the eternal return.

Sociology

In sociology, post-modernity indicates the dissolution of the reference to the reason like transcendent totality in the Western contemporary companies. Post-modernity, unlike modernity, does not attach any more the idea of progress to a synthetic direction which justifies it.

It is also about a precise mode of regulation of the social practices and reproduction of the social reports/ratios rising from contradictions of political and institutional modernity. The tendency of the postmodern mode of regulation of the social practice is that the meaning acts of the individuals are gradually dissociated from a common order synthetic (which in modernity conferred a direction to them) and replaced by purely autoreferential and automatic regulations (the market, technologies, data-processing media) whose mode of operation is measured more by anything else only by their own growth rate exponential. The effectiveness replaces legitimacy; management replaces the policy; control, the property, and we find ourselves finally with organizations which make decisions with information. Post-modernity thus heard is a mode of overall social reproduction, controlled in a decisional and operational way rather than in an politico-institutional way (Michel Freitag). The practical consequences of this dissolution of the reference to the reason, it is that the human actions tend to be reduced gradually to an adaptive behavior, that the thought is identified with a marginal calculation of profit or loss, that the human reports/ratios are reduced to the competition or competition and the identities or statutes with those of gaining and loser. Let us add that science in a post-modern company gives up its normative ideal of reality and truth to the profit of the foreseeability of the results of the instrumental action operated on reality and that the human activity tends to be justified by the general paradigm of the resolution of problem.

Social psychology

The post-modern era contributes to the fragmentation of the individual: the Identité weakens. It is geared down or compartmentalized between various attitudes even before opposite: “banker the day, raver the evening” “perfect housewife the evening, business woman the day”… According to the moments of his life, the individual does not project himself any more in models but plays of his person through several masks. One tends towards a greater identity flexibility: “I am another” even I and several others.

This fragmentation of the individual is only the echo of the Fragmentation of the company, in multiples Groupe S, tribe S or Communauté S the culture following the example of Techno. Fragmentation which is found on the economic ground in the offer Marketing and the Publicité and of the mass media, stimulated by the development of Internet. This basic tendency does not prevent the development of the poly-membership where only one indidivu can belong at several communities at the same time but to times different from its daily existence.  

From these fragmentations results not the end from the history but the end of the sociological models patiently studied and conceptualized. Under the egotistic banner of the right to be absolutely oneself, all the lifestyles become socially legitimate. The patriarchal model explodes with the profit of the juxtaposition of social models which cohabit creating a feeling of undulation or one veillissement accelerated on the values of reference and the speeches which result from this.

See too

External bond

a synthesis of the theories of the social change trying to draw what will be the company " postmoderne" from tomorrow. (Book of Crook, Pakulski, Toilets)
Article of reflection on the postmodernity which contains bonds towards Wikipedia, the postmodern one or the hemorrhage of the speech , re-examined Public Sens

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