Posterity of Goths in Western Europe

The posterity of the Royaumes goths is considerable taking into consideration trace left by the tour of Goths in Europe; this is with the fact that the kingdom will perdura until the Early middle ages, sufficiently a long time so that the Art Visigoth develops during the Bas the Middle Ages, possibly is increased floral reasons on the planks inspired of Mudéjars, and diffuses as an alternative to the Romanesque art.

Attention, the word “Gothique” was used a posteriori to name the architecture known as Gothic, in a pejorative meaning. The art thus qualified of “Gothic” was the art of the Goths, in other words “cruel ” which would have forgotten the Roman techniques and guns .

the Gothic posterity also relates to the family toponyms and patronyms on the grounds where they lived, doubled linguistic transmissions of the Gotique: to read linguistic influences.

the principal posterity in Western Europe, on the History, the local Arts and toponyms comes from the kingdom left by the Visigoths taking into account his longevity.

Perception by the historians

French historiography

Italian historiography

The Christian chroniclers of Rome presented during the late Antiquité Ostrogoths as of the Barbares which caused the Fall of the Roman Empire since they took part in the successive bags of Rome. Except within the strict framework of excavations to Ravenne, the legacy of Goths rather thin and is considered little in Italy.

The posterity of Goths in Western Europe is due more to the Royaume Visigoth than with the kingdom ostrogoth, since it disappeared prematurely.

After a last defeat with the Lactarius mount, the name of Ostrogoths fell into the lapse of memory. The nation was practically dissolved after the death of Théodoric. The chance to form in Italy a joining together State of the Roman and Germanic elements, as those which emerged thereafter as a Gaulle, to Spain, then in the areas of Italy under the sovereignty of the Royaume lombard, was thus lost.

Consequently, the place occupied by Goths in the Spanish memory differs from that which they hold in the Italian memory: in Italy, Goths were only one invader temporary, supplanted soon by Lombards, whereas in Spain they could constitute an important component of the Hispanic nation to the Early middle ages.

Spanish historiography

The nobility wisigothe taken refuge in Asturies took part for a share in the Spanish history; the heir to the Spanish throne carries still today the title of " Prince of Asturies". But Asturies were never an area of Visigoth establishment. The Visigoths having colonized Tolède starting from the original country had already romanisés themselves as a whole before, which an archaeological discovery typically wisigothe of the 7^e and 8^e centuries supports. The métissées populations created in the Hispanie wisigothe took refuge in times following the collapse of the kingdom of Tolède in north (Mozarabes) or were melted in the Muslim population of the emirate of Cordoue/Califat of Cordoue.

Peeling, a noble Visigoth connected with king Rodéric, found refuge in the mountains of the North of the peninsula with 300 warriors shortly after the defeat of 711 and is credited to have begun the Christian reconquest of Spain in 718 when it demolished Omeyyades with the Bataille of Covadonga and establishes the kingdom of the Asturies in the north of the peninsula. Peeling and its successors claimed themselves to be the continuators of Spain wisigothe until the 9th century, but actually that is well finished for the people Visigoth, which, losing his role of dominator, from leader with the fall of their kingdom, will disappear completely. However the Visigoths will mark during still a long time the spirits of the Iberian peninsula and the South-west of the France by their long story and their prestige. Until full 18th century, the Spanish nobility saying itself to go down from the nobility wisigothe enjoyed a certain prestige. And their royal capital, Tolède, lost in 712, kept a symbolism extremely for a long time, by the Chrétiens North only in 1085 will be taken again and will be used again as capital. Other Visigoths, who they are ariens or of Christian confession trinitaire, refused to adopt the Moslem faith or of living according to its rules; they were run away towards North, in the frank Royaumes or in Septimanie wisigothe; a few decades later, of the Visigoths played of the big roles under the reign of Charlemagne and its sons in particular; let us quote Théodulf of Orleans ( Thiudulf ), Agobard of Lyon, or Wittiza, wire of a noble Visigoth of Septimanie and future religious under the name of saint Benoît d' Aniane.

In Spain, the Visigoths were rather well considered in the teaching of the History, taking into account the process founder of the Spanish State which was the Reconquista. The Chroniques Mozarabs were a vector of this transmission. Consequently, the place occupied by Goths in the Spanish memory differs from that which they hold in the Italian memory: in Italy, Goths were only one invader temporary, supplanted soon by Lombards, whereas in Spain they could constitute an important component of the Hispanic nation to the Early middle ages.

Also, the image of Goths in the Spanish Historiographie is positive and the contribution which they constituted neither was forgotten, nor scorned: part of the North of Spain that the Moors did not conquer, the area of the Asturies, kept during one moment the name of Gothie, just as the Gothic possessions in the south-west of Gaulle however last to the hands of the Francs. This identity selection the statues of kings attest being reproduced on the Place of the East in Madrid, the royalty claiming kings very old Visigoths, without any sovereign pedestal for any of the Moorish Spain.

A Liste of the sovereigns Visigoths was even taught with the Spanish schoolboys during the period of the pro-Franco dictatorship, as average a mnemotechnics for teaching purposes.

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History of art

Thesis

< Of the Art Visigoth with the Art Mozarab, then floral decorations of the Art mudéjar until the blossoming of the Gothic art in Europe by the ways of Compostelle and builders of cathédrales.>

Religion

Arianisme: more than one heresy.
Homéisme | Homéen

Found treasuries

The most known object which comes us from Goths is undoubtedly the Codex argenteus , the money bible, written with money and gold inks on sheets of parchment, which were coloured with the Pourpre murex: a manuscript of an infinite value and one of most important writes late Antiquité. He was written with the 6^e century in Italy and rests today with Uppsala.

The mausoleum of Théodoric the Large one with Ravenne resembles that of Constantin a little bit. The remainders of Théodoric however disappeared.

Linguistic influences

Disappearance of the gotique one

The language of Goths cease to be usually used starting from second half of the 6th century because of the defeats wisigothes vis-a-vis the Frank , of the destruction of Goths of Italy (the Ostrogoths). Conversion with the Catholicism of the Visigoths, the minority immersion with his of a population very romanized supported this disappearance.

This language nevertheless would have survived at least until the middle of the 7th century in Spain but the Franc Walahfrid Strabo mentions that at the beginning of the 9th century, she is still spoken on the lower course about the the Danube and in the mountains isolated from the Crimea. This isolate of population speaking the gotique one remained in the Crimea until the 15th century.

The gotique one is thus classified among the dead languages.

Transmissions of gotic in the vernacular languages

Noms common resulting from the gotique

The Visigoths are immersed in a deeply romanized population, and the Roman culture which knows a brilliant rebirth under Isidore of Seville remains alive and gravitational. The contributions gotic on the local speeches marginal, are thus limited to some words of the vocabulary, for example:

gans (goose) - > ganso (Spanish, Portuguese) but auca in occitan and oca as a Catalan,
trigwa (trève) - > tregua (Spanish, Portuguese), but pausada in occitan.

The vocabulary of the colors in the zone wisigothe underwent little gotic influence, contrary to Italian and French, primarily:

blank (white) - > blanco (Spanish), branco (Portuguese), blanquinèl (occitan, coexistent with cande of Latin origin)
grau/grey ? (gray) - > gray (Spanish, occitan, Catalan), grisalho (Portuguese)

Noms clean resulting from the Gothic aristocracy

The names of the elites wisigothes were well maintained in the Iberian first names, such as:

Adofo , of adal (noble) and wulf (wolf)
Alberto or Adalbert , of adal (noble) and berth (celebrates)
Alfonso , of all (all) and funs (prepared)
Alvaro , of all (all) and varo (prevented)
Rodrigo , of hroth (glory) and ric (powerful)

Influence on toponymy

The studies of Toponymie identified a Germanic influence in the names of localities occupied by the Visigoths. It is generally marked in the Toponymie occitane by the suffix - ens or - enx , drifting of the Germanic suffix - ingos meaning membership:

Guitalens (Tarn) drifting of Witilo + engos, Mourenx (Moors), etc

Other place names of the Western South of France appear clearly attached to Goths, but with a Affixe mérovigien - city or city (of Latin villa ):

Goudourvielle (the Gironde), Goudourville (Tarn-et-Garonne), Villegoudou (Charente)
Bruniquel (Tarn-et-Garonne), derived from Brunehild

On the other hand, the Basque Toponymie is unaware of the names suffixes in - enx or - ens, which coincides with the Gothic absence of domination on the Basque.

To the south of the Pyrenees, the usually allowed etymology of the Catalogne or Catalunya comes from Gothalonia (what means “country - or Land in all. - of Goths”). This etymology and other possibilities are discussed in the article Histoire of Catalonia.

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