Post-traductionnelle modification

A post-traductionnelle modification is a chemical modification of a Protéine, generally carried out by a Enzyme, after its synthesis or during its life in the cell.

Generally this modification involves a change of the function of protein considered, that it is on the level of its action, its half-life, or its cellular localization.

Post-traductionnelles modifications implying the addition of a functional group

  • the Acetylation, is the addition of a group Acétyl, generally out of N-terminal of a protein;

  • the Alkylation, is the addition of a group Alkyl, methyl or éthyl;
    • the Méthylation is the addition of a group Méthyl, generally on the amino-acids Lysine or Arginine.
  • the Biotinylation, which is the acylation of a Lysine by a grouping biotine.
  • the Glutamylation, which is the covalent bond of a residue of Glutamic acid on the Tubuline or another protein.
  • the Glycylation, which is the covalent bond of one or more (up to 40) residues Glycine on the C-final part of the Tubuline.
  • the Glycosylation, is the addition of a group Glycosyl on a residue Asparagine, Hydroxylysine, Sérine, or Thréonine, thus producing a Glycoprotéine.
  • the Isoprénylation, is the addition of a isoprenoïde group (c.a.d. farnesol or geranylgeraniol):
    • the Prénylation
    • the Myristoylation
    • the Farnésylation
    • the Géranyl-géranylation
  • the Lipoylation
  • the Phosphopantetheinylation, or addition of one 4 ' - phosphopantetheinyl since the Coenzyme has.
  • the Phosphorylation, which is the addition of a group Phosphate, generally on a Sérine, Tyrosine, Thréonine or Histidine acceptrice.
  • the sulfation, which is the addition of a group sulfates on a Tyrosine.
  • the selenation.
  • the Amidation out of C-terminal.

Post-traductionnelles modifications implying the addition of peptide groups or proteins

  • the Ubiquitination, which is a covalent bond of Ubiquitine on a lysin acceptrice.

  • the Sumoylation, which is a covalent bond of Protéine SUMO, generally on a lysin acceptrice.
  • the Neddylation, which is a covalent bond of the protein NEDD8 on a Lysine acceptrice.
  • the Urmylation.

Post-traductionnelles modifications changing the chemical nature of the Amino-acid

Post-traductionnelles modifications implying of the structural changes

  • the bridges disulfides which result in the chemical bond from grouping SH3 of two Cystéine S.

  • proteinic cleavages by a Protéase from a peptide bond.

Random links:Richard Tightened | Acciano | Croatian republican gathering | Price Light 1997 | J.H._Allen