Portuguese Civil war

The Portuguese Civil war or liberal Guerre occurs in 1828 within the framework of the crisis of succession to the throne of Portugal and finishes the May 26th 1834 by the signature of the Convention of Evoramonte.

Roots of the conflict

At the time of its return of Brazil (1821), Jean VI adopts the Constitution of 1822 that the liberal Revolution had imposed to him.

The March 10th 1826 the king Jean VI of Portugal dies without leaving indication concerning its succession. The council of Regency chooses his/her oldest son Pierre I {{er}} of Brazil. But as this one cannot reign at the same time on the Brésil and the Portugal, it was expected that it would abdicate in favor of his daughter Maria da Glória, seven years old, which would marry, at the proper time, his/her uncle Miguel. Pedro granting a constitutional charter, less liberal than the Constitution of 1822, and which conferred more capacities to the monarch (the executive powers and regulator). Miguel swears fidelity with this charter, which enabled him to exert regency near promised in marriage starting from 1828.

The war

The liberals, in favor of the queen Maria are victorious absolutists on sea with the Bataille of Villa da Praia in 1829. They unload in Mindelo the July 8th 1832 and support the seat of Oporto until August 1833. Victorious on sea and with the course Saint-Vincent in 1833, they take Lisbon on July 24th, 1833. At the end of this year Maria da Glória is proclaimed queen and Dom Pedro obtains Regency.

Peace

After the decisive battle of Asseiceira the May 16th 1834, is signed the Convention of Evoramonte the May 26th. Miguel Ier gives up definitively all its rights on the crown of the Portugal. Pedro dies this same year and the capacity passes to his/her daughter, Maria, declared major, under the pressure of the Quadruple Alliance.

The political company, of agreement on the ousting of Miguel Ier, is then divided into two groups: one (chartists), recommends the tender with the charter of 1826 (landowners, middle-class). The other gathers ideologists attached to the expression of national sovereignty, in favor of the return to the constitution of 1822 (craftsmen, small shopkeeper, middle-classes).

Septembrists and Chartistes

In 1836, a new liberal revolution supported by the army bursts, called Révolution septembrist. This one lasts during 6 years until 1842 when the elections of Oporto (from where had left the liberal revolutions 1820 and 1836) see the victory of Chartistes.

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