Porto Alegre

Porto Alegre is the capital of the state of the Rio Grande C Sul, with the Brésil, located between the Rio Guaíba and its many islands, and several '' morros '' (hills) covered with vegetation, and composed of eighty four districts. The city is decorated parks (nine large city parks) and raised streets (more than one million planted trees), in particular in the old districts of the Cidade Baixa. Moreover, the municipality has a biological reserve, around the beach of the district of Lami, on the river, which is worth to him to have one of the greatest urban concentrations of birds of the country.

It is it tenth city in importance of population of Brazil, and accounts for 0,1848% of surface the State of the Rio Grande C Sul and 0,0058% of that of the Brazilian territory.

The Região Metropolitana of Porto Alegre (RMPA) is made up of 31 cities: Alvorada (to 15 km); Cachoeirinha (to 17 km); Campo Bom (to 43 km); Canoas (to 12 km); Estância Velha (to 43 km); Esteio (to 17 km); Gravataí (to 23 km); Guaíba (to 27 km); Novo Hamburgo (to 37 km); São Leopoldo (to 28 km); Sapiranga (to 52 km da capital); Sapucaia C Sul (to 19 km); Viamão (to 10 km); Eldorado C Sul (to 10 km); Glorinha (to 44 km); Nova Hartz (to 67 km); Owe Irmãos (to 52 km); Ivoti (to 46 km); Parobé (to 79 km); Portão (to 38 km); Triunfo (to 75 km); Charqueadas (to 55 km); Nova Santa Rita (to 19 km); Araricá (to 63 km); Montenegro (to 61 km); Taquara (to 73 km); São Jerônimo (to 65 km); Santo Antonio da Patrulha (to 73 km); Arroio back Ratos (to 52 km); Capela de Santana (to 54 km).

The city was managed during 16 years by the Parti the Workers, Pt . Since 1988 Olívio Dutra, Tarso Genro, Raul Bridge, Tarso Genro (2nd mandate), then João Verle, the assistant of Genro, were successively mayors.
Élu in 2004, Jose Fogaça, candidate of the Socialist Popular party (PS), occupies post of mayor since January 1st 2005.

In 2001, Porto Alegre accommodated the first Worldwide social forum, event - today itinerant - which discusses the social questions of the modern world. The city was seat of the Forum in 2002, 2003 and 2005.

History

Genesis

The site of the city was originally occupied by the Amerindian Tapes and Minuano S.

The creation of Porto Alegre goes up with 1732 with the settlement of Campos de Viamão and Porto Alegre by cattle breeders of Laguna, in the State of Santa Catarina. Twenty years after arrived of the Missions Jesuits the first elements of the Gum forwarding of Andrade. They were established at the edge of the lake Guaíba, with the locality Oporto de Viamão or Oporto C Dorneles, on the grounds of the landowner Jerônimo de Ornelas. Later, the bishop of Rio de Janeiro will create the Parish of São Francisco C Oporto back Casais, separate that of Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Viamão. In July 1772, the governor of the harbor office of Rio Grande, Jose Marcelino de Figueiredo, decides the measurement of 60 batches of grounds for from the Azores couples; the place will be called Oporto back Casais (Port of the Couples). The 24 of July 1773, Porto Alegre becomes the capital of the Harbor office, with the official installation of the government of Jose Marcelino de Figueiredo.

The creative process of Porto Alegre was thus the fact of the successive installation cattle breeders (18th century), colonists Portuguese of the the Azores (1752), of Esclaves African S, adventurers and of immigrant German, Italy NS and Polish (between 1820 and 1890), inter alia many nationalities present, which adapted the indigenous grounds. They are their beliefs, legends, practices, habits and technologies which formed the cultural mosaic which makes the Porto Alegre of the 21e century.

The historical development

The city then will develop quickly, starting from the small core which constitutes the Centro district today. It will live a few periods of tension because of its position of capital of the Harbor office (then of Province) southernmost of Brazil, and the proximity of the borders of country having many conflicts to manage.

However, the longest period of difficulties was not due to any external conflict like, for example, the Guerre of Paraguay, but caused by the Revolution Révolution Farroupilha, which begin with an armed confrontation the September 19th 1835, in the capital even, close to the Bridge da Azenha.

Except for the first days, the capital gaúcha will remain during the ten years in the hands of the governmental troops, but was besieged permanently by the Farrapos which sought to insulate it to the maximum. Its resistance to the one of the obstacles which it had to undergo during this period to him been worth the title given by the Emperor of " mui leal E valorosa" (very honest and valorous) which appears in its currency.

After the War of Farrapos, the city took again its normal rate/rhythm of development, always remaining in the center of the political and social events of the State of the Rio Grande C Sul and Brazil. Two examples were the rise of Getúlio Vargas, politician gaúcho who became a reference mark of the national history, and the movement of Legality (movimento da Legalidade), maintained by the government Brizola at the beginning of the events which conduirent with the Coup d'etat of 1964.

Mayors of Porto Alegre (up to 1985)

Geography

The city is installed at the edge of the river Guaíba, more precisely on the Delta of Jacuí, which extends on 210 km ², at the point of meeting of water of the rivers (Rios) Jacuí, Sinos, Caí and Gravataí in the lake Guaíba (this " lac" being opened, it is named also " fleuve"). Its 30 islands, intersected with small bays and channels, form the Archipelago of Jacuí, whose ecological protection zone was created in 1979. Its ecosystem has a big role for the habitat and the survival of the birds and the watery species. Close to the outlet of Guaíba in the Lagoa back Patos, another protected area allows the survival of many species.

" morros"

The city has many hills, the morros , being able to go up to 311 m of Altitude.

Districts of Porto Alegre

See also: List of the districts of Porto Alegre

Temperatures

Annual average: 19,5°C

Spring (September at December): between 12°C and 30°C
Be (December at March): between 20°C and 35°C
Fall (March at June): between 8°C and 25°C
Winter (June at September): between 0°C and 22°C

To lay down sun

Spring: 19:45 ( Brazilian summer time )
Be: 20:45 ( Brazilian summer time )
Fall: 17:35 ( Brazilian winter time )
Winter: 17:30 ( Brazilian winter time )

Economy

The city was there is still a score of years an industrial and commercial pole important. To date, the majority of important industries moved in the periphery of the city, on the neighbouring communes belonging to the Metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Remain nothing any more but industries of services and the productions of the family agriculture (small agriculture) which develops in the rural areas of the Municipality. These last are often integrated in projects of interdependent economy.

the Wearing of Porto Alegre

The Wearing of Porto Alegre is southernmost C Brazil. It 55.000 m ² of surface. Geographically privileged by its localization, it is in the center of a river system which links the regional producing center on the rivers which are thrown in the Lagoa back Patos with the largest seaport of Mercosul, the port of Rio Grande, to 300 km in the south, on the Atlantic Ocean southern. Its old gantry of entry was built in an iron strucuture decorated with stained glasses, ordered from Paris in 1919. This last is a tourist point of attration of the city, from which cruisings leave on Rio Guaíba.

This position makes possible a permanent traffic between Porto Alegre and Buenos Aires, carting iron and steel products and, mainly, agricultural produce coming primarily from the interior of the State of the Rio Grande C Sul.

With a current profile of importing port, it is becoming, with the investments under development, one of the principal links of the supply chain commercial of the Rio Grande C Sul.

GDP per head (2003): R$ 10.437 (Exchange 2003: 1,00€ = R$ 3,00) Source: FAIRY
Total Exports (2005): U$ 504.992.398

Administration

The municipal organization

Like any Brazilian Municipality, Porto Alegre has an executive power it Maire and the secretaries (like the ministers in a national government) -, and a legislative power, through Câmara Municipal (municipal House of Commons). The secretariats are twenty-five, plus seven comparable entities of indirect administration. This forms the " Government municipal". Municipal Deputies with the number of thirty-six, distributed between 16 parties.

The participative democracy

The essential actor of the participative democracy, in addition to the local executive which is the guaranteeing one, is the " pyramid participative" through which the Citoyen S put forward the choices that they intend to see implemented. This body is divided into three great levels: the level microphone-room, the sectoral level and set of themes, and finally at the top, the Council of the Participative Budget (C.O.P.). Following the example municipal Budget traditional, its rate/rhythm of cycle of meetings is annual.

On the level microphone-room, the meetings are opened with all the Citoyen S, and are made up with their initiative, so as to discuss projects and problems of district, and to announce claim thereafter and investment plans desired on the higher level of the plenary assemblies by the sending of deputy (of which the number will be function of the participation in the meetings).

On scale sectoral and set of themes, they are Parliament S plenary (one by sector) which takes over to synthesize, and to treat on a hierarchical basis the proposals put forth on the level microphone-room in primary forms of matrices where four priorities among thirteen budget headings are indicated (education, habitat, roadway system,…). This first matrix aims at distributing the Investissement S by service of the municipal administration. Then, the plenary assemblies elect in their center of the delegates whom they send in the Forum S, and of the advisers to the participative budget to decide in the body of the C.O.P. The Forum S are made up, either by sector (cutting geographical of the city) or by topics for the problems which imply a policy on the scale of the city (Circulation and transport, Santé and social assistance, Culture, Education and leisures, urban and social Développement,…). Within these forums, it is a question at this stage of discussing, of discussing investment plans of the sector or topic, and of materializing the orientations chosen by the means of budgetary matrices designed according to three formalized criteria: priorities established by the inhabitants, the deficiencies in services and equipment of bases, population. These three criteria call respectively upon majority-democratic logics, of distributive Justice, and technique. Each one of these three criteria is balanced and comes coefficienter the budget headings so as to represent the will of the Citoyen S, and the Politique of redistribution.

Lastly, the C.O.P. constitutes the bond with the executive, it votes and amends the budgetary matrices, it synthesizes on a municipal scale budgetary attributions by sectors and stations. It discusses also other budget headings (wages of the Fonctionnaire S, operating expenses,…). It is thus on the level of the C.O.P. which is really established a Budget that the executive will endorse. But the role of the C.O.P. is also to prepare the Budget S of the following years since it is in its center and with the participation of the G.A.P.L.A.N. (institution emanating of the executive having for object the medium-term planning of the municipal investments) that the procedures of operation of the participative budget are defined, that constitutes a crucial role, the budget being largely determined by matric weightings.

All this was appreciably called in question by the defeat at the polls of the Party of the workers which had set up the system, and the arrival, on January 1st 2005, of the new Mayor, Jose Fogaça, with the political matters of the city. New municipal executive management is less favorable to this type of operation. This one, even at the time of the PTiste direction, implied only approximately 10% of the adult population of Porto Alegre.

Mayors (since the resumption of the democratic process)

Population

In addition to the arrival of Portuguese, of German, Italian, for the Catholic majority of religions or Protestant, the city gathers several other denominational communities. Are present strong a Jewish community, with its sociocultural organizations, a community Maronite and another of rite Greek-catholic melkite. Many other currents of Protestantism, history, pentcotist, adventist neo-pentecotist, , etc, also meet in the various districts of the city.

Demography

Life expectancy: 71,59 years (2000) Source: FAIRY
Coefficient of infant mortality (2005): 12,89 per 1000 Source: FAIRY
Rate of Illiteracy (2000): 3,45% Source: FAIRY
Population growth (2005): 1,25% per annum
Index of Human development (IDH): 0,865
Atlas of the Human Development UNDP - 2000
97,07% of the population is urban
2,93% of the population is rural

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TextData= fontsize: S pos: (20,20) text: Population growth of Porto Alegre.

Tourist places

Transport

Porto Alegre is the geographical center of the main roads of the Southern Cône, at equal distance from Buenos Aires and Montevideo, that of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The capital gaúcha is connected to the federal roads BR-290 E BR-116, which allow connection with the other Brazilian States and the Uruguay and the Argentine.

Celebrities

Ronaldinho, Brazilian footballer
Marcos Camozzato, Brazilian footballer

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