the abbey of Port-Royal of Paris should not be confused with the abbey of Port-Royal-of-Fields in the Vallée de Chevreuse. The first was built, in Paris, starting from 1626, to relieve congestion the head office of Magny-the-Hamlets in the valley of Chevreuse, Port-Royal-of-Fields.
Closed in 1790, with the beginning of the Revolution, it was used as prison as of 1793 under the name of prison of Port-free or Bourbe. Christian Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (lawyer of Louis XVI with its lawsuit) and Madam de Tourzel, old controlling children of France, were held there.
Work in Logical and relations with the Linguistic
The abbey of Port-Royal was a Couvent women and with the XVIIe century a high-place of the Jansénisme.
It was a meeting room where large writer S and Philosophe S like Blaise Pascal, practiced their studies on the Logique, the Grammaire, the Théologie and the Traduction of the texts of Religion Chrétienne, in particular starting from the Greek and of the Hebrew .
Blaise Pascal had joined the current Janséniste and, in 1656, it wrote a lampoon, Provincial the , against the Scolastique.
In 1660, the grammairiens of Royal Port, Antoine Arnauld and Claude Lancelot, both Jansenist S, conceived a founded Grammaire not on conformity with the Usage considered to be the best, but on the Raison. This work took the name of general and reasoned Grammaire , general because it will deal with all the Langue S, and reasoned because it explains the operation of the Langue through the Raison. It can be regarded as the antithesis of the good use of Vaugelas.
Believing in the Logical existence of mechanisms S Universal S that each Langue expresses in its own system, it marked deeply the birth of the modern Linguistique.
This work in grammar and Linguistique lay within a scope much broader of work on the general Logique.
“ the logic of Port-Royal ” was published for the first time in 1662, with Paris and without name of author. It is the work of Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole. At the same time intellectual grammar and compendium of the epistemology of the philosophy of Descartes and Pascal, this work is structured according to the four aspects of the rational thought: to include/understand, judge, deduce, order.
All our knowledge takes place through ideas which reflect the things, and the judgment related to these things is expressed in proposals consisted a Sujet and a predicate. The accuracy of the proposals is examined, at the time of the Déduction, on the basis of Syllogisme. Lastly, the scheduling of the judgments and conclusions lead to science by the means of the method (analyzes and synthesis). This Logique wanted to rest exclusively on the Mathématiques of which she thought of being able to transpose the Modèle in all the other fields of the To know and the exercise of the Raison, consequently also on the ground of the formation Syntaxique and Grammaticale of all the statements of the Langage, thus proposing an ideal of Langage Rationnel which wanted to reconcile the spirit of smoothness and the spirit of geometry: the traditional Speech par excellence.
Great writers of this abbey, Blaise Pascal, Robert Arnauld d' Andilly, Pierre Nicole, Pierre Thomas of the Ditch, under the cupola of the project superintendent Louis-Isaac Lemaître de Sacy took part in the Traduction of the Bible, translation known as of the Port-Royal : “most beautiful ever realized in France” (Philippe Sollier). This edition is elaborate there between 1657 and 1696. Its style influenced the literary creation of French great writers, such as Voltaire, Victor Hugo, Flaubert, Arthur Rimbaud…
See: Translation of the French Bible (paragraph 17th century).
Influence on social sciences in general
The philosopher Michel Foucault, in the Words and the Things , estimates that the logic of Port-Royal contributed, with other works, to work a news Représentation, that it calls épistémè (design of the world). This representation was installation in two stages:
See also Ideology.
Notes and references of the article
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