Porcelain

See also: Porcelain (homonymy)

The porcelain is a Céramique fine and translucent produced starting from the kaolin.

The term “porcelain” comes from the Coquillage éponyme, thus named by its resemblance to the Vulve of the Truie ( porcella : sow in Latin). When Italian brought back the porcelain of China to the 15th century, they believed that it was made of this type of crushed shell, and thus named it “porcellana”, porcelain in Italian. Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and Johann Friedrich Böttger found the way of making it in 1708 whereas they worked for the manufacture of Meissen in Germany. The first Kaolin samples were introduced in France by the Father of Entrecolle in 1712. Finally well later in 1765, one discovers the kaolin layers with Saint-Yrieix-the-Pole in the south of Limoges, which will finally make it possible to create in France the Chinese porcelain.

The techniques of manufacture of the porcelain reach their perfection in China at the 12th century. The British, for porcelain, say besides China or Bone clouded to indicate a porcelain to tend more into force to the United Kingdom. The porcelain of Limoges (France), universally known since the 18th century, belonged to the finest porcelains and most famous. Let us quote also the German and Polish porcelains. The porcelain belongs to the Ceramicses.

Manufacture

The porcelain is not resulting from a natural Argile. It is mainly made up of a mixture of Silex, Feldspath and kaolin S, added with clay to pipe (Ball clay) in order to increase its plasticity. The flint and the feldspar are reduced out of powder under the action of granite grinding stones, then ground in a special mill, made up of a cylinder in rotation containing of the rollers and water. The Feldspath makes it possible to lower the point of vitrification of the porcelain during cooking.

The genuine translucent porcelains are cooked between 1260°C and 1400°C, but certain special porcelains, containing more kaolin and less melting, for example, need a temperature of quite higher cooking.

The porcelain paste is moulded in the plaster shape. After drying, it undergoes the first cooking in lower part of 1000°C. The object obtained is fragile and porous. After drying, this part is soaked in a bath of glaze which after cooking between 1300°C and 1400°C will give to the porcelain its final aspect: shining and translucent.

This cooking at high temperature causes a marriage intimates and a modification of the matter and especially gives rise to most perfect ceramics.

Porcelain in the world

China

  • Chinese Porcelain

the United Kingdom

Netherlands

Japan

France

Germany

Belgium

  • Porcelaine of Turned

Poland

Portugal

  • Porcelain of Vista Alegre

Czech Republic

Karlovy Vary, in Tchéquie, is an important porcelain production center to the typical blue drawing cobalt on white zone. The principal factory bears the name of the Thun, a princely family of Bohemia.

Russia

  • Porcelain of Lomonossov

Vietnam

Symbolic system

The Noces of porcelain symbolize the 20 years of Mariage in the French folklore.

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • Museum Adrien Dubouché in Limoges France (Has the most important world collection of porcelains and ceramics)
  • trade secrets of the Limoges porcelain on the official site of the Departmental committee of Tourism of High-Vienna
  • National museum of Ceramics in Sevres France (Has the largest collection of porcelains and ceramics as well as the most varied)
  • Musée of Saint-Amand-the-Water France (In the Abbey Tower, 300 earthenware amandinoises of the 18th century)

Simple: Porcelain Zh-min-nan: Iù-hûi-á

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