Pop art

See also: Pop

The pop art is a movement which finds its origin in England in the middle of the Fifties, under the impulse of Richard Hamilton and Edouardo Paolozzi. A little later, in the Years 1960, it is with the turn of Pop American art to emerge with Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg or Jasper Johns. It is especially the American branch which will popularize this artistic current become major, by denouncing the Consommation of mass at all costs and to present art like a simple product to be consumed: transitory, disposable, cheap…

Definition

The word pop art (shortened “popular art”) was pronounced for the first time in 1955 by Lawrence Alloway, an English art critic which belonged to the Independent Group, group of intellectuals working on the role of technology in the company.

But what characterizes this movement deeply, it is the role of the Consumer society and the deformations which it generates in our behavior with the daily newspaper. It is starting from this principle that the American artists will highlight the influence which the Publicité can have, the Magazine S, the Cartoon S and the Télévision on our decisions of consumers. Thereafter, this movement will extend and touch other fields like the mode, the Architecture, the design, etc

The reception is very good as of the beginnings of the movement, because pop art is a priori simple and accessible. The processes used by the Artiste S were often new products which left just this consumer society: Acrylic, Serigraphy, etc the Couleur S are often sharp and shifted compared to reality. Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987) is regarded as one of the apostles of pop Article.

Beyond painting, pop art used of the pictorial techniques which were not regarded before as properly artistic, but industrial. This movement disturbed the artistic world in other manners, for example through the questioning of the principle of unicity of a work of Article Andy Warhol reproduced to them his per hundreds, sometimes even by thousands, which ran up against the traditional ideas allotting to a work its value because it is single.

Pop art uses popular symbols, which mark the unconscious one as of childhood. Of Mickey Mouse to Marilyn Monroe, while passing by Mick Jagger, the quasi generalized admiration of certain idols is exultée there in a neutral way or not, according to the Artiste. The advertizing culture of the Consumer society is another source of inspiration.

Pop art in the world

Pop art in Great Britain

The Independent Group met in the Institute off Contemporary Arts since 1952. This group joins together the great figures of the creation of the Pop art, among which Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi. As of 1947, Paolozzi creates joinings using of the images of American magazines but he declared later that was more influenced by the surrealist movement than by the popular culture. Hamilton started to study work of Marcel Duchamp and developed a series of projects mixing art and publicity. The conference of Reyner Banham in Independent Group posed the bases of Pop art by including there the objects of the daily life in the United States and the magazines popular. Alloway spoke about its theory on a continuum between the “hight art” admitted by the traditional cultural establishments and the “low art” of pop Article.

In 1956, the members of Independent Group took part in the exposure This is Tomorrow to the Whitechapel Gallery for which Hamilton created joining Just What Is It that Makes Today' S Homes So Different, So Appealing? . Its work is regarded as proclamation of pop art in Great Britain. It is also the first appearance of the pop word in this context.

After This is tomorrow , Hamilton continued to develop the characteristics of pop art by exposing paintings and joinings having for subjects the American cars, the consumer goods and the Pin-up S as elements of an anthropological study having introduced the Fétichisme which will become a major element of pop Article Hamilton became a lecturer of the Royal College off Art where it met David Hockney as well as other young artists who developed pop art in Great Britain. In 1961, Hockney, with Peter Blake and R.B. Kitaj announced in a common exposure the arrival of pop British art.

Pop art in Spain

In Spain, pop art is associated with the “new figurative”. Eduardo Arroyo can be allowed as artist of pop art by his interest for the environment like its capacity to retranscribe the interconceptuelle possibility of the absolute notion of the daily life .

Pop art with the Japan

In Japan, pop art is identifiable by its regular subjects and its style. Many Japanese artists took as a starting point the Manga S and sometimes by Ukiyo-e or traditional art. The artist of pop Japanese art more recognized is currently Takashi Murakami group of artists Kaikai Kiki, famous for their massive production, the Superflat, a surrealist style, Post-modern whose principal inspiration comes from the mangas and of the Japanese urban culture. This style aims mainly youth and has a great cultural impact. Several artists, like Yoshitomo Nara, are recognized for their Graffiti S, others, as Takashi Murakami are known for their plastic figurines. A great number of artists of pop Japanese art uses surrealist images or obscenes even shocking in their works. These elements attract the teenagers and the adults (although supposed being morally shocking, or causing, this is not regarded as offending in Japan.) A usual metaphor in pop Japanese art is the innocence and the vulnerability of the children and youth. Artists like Aya Takano or Yoshitomo Nara use the children like subjects in the quasi-integrality of their works. Whereas Yoshitomo Nara shows scenes of anger or rebellions by children, Aya Takano shows the innocence of the children by painting naked girls.

Principal artists of pop art

See the list of the painters of pop art.

Bonds

  • Pop Art - Center Pompidou
  • Pop Art by Aelita B.

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