Polluted engineer sites and grounds
A polluted engineer sites and grounds is the engineer in charge of the study of the ground, water and the air in order to evaluate the health hazards and environmental. It must draw up a conceptual diagram, which synthesizes the situation on the site, by taking of account the sources of pollution, the vectors of pollution (its mobility and the ways which it can borrow) and the targets (environment and the human ones). Its work rests on the exploitation of the historical data (census of the activities having taken place on the site or in the vicinity) and of the data of ground gathered starting from surveys, drillings, sampling and analyzes of the grounds, water and the air. It is about a trade little known which supplements that of the geotechnicians and of the Architecte S. the health hazards related to pollution being taken more and more into account, in particular for questions of responsibilities and costs of depollution, the role of the engineer sites and grounds polluted take importance.
Role of the research department environment
It will assist the owner building in the choice of the measures to be taken to guarantee the health of the futures habitants.The causes of pollution can be many often considered benign at the beginning in the case of accidents (discharge of oils for example) or more insidious in the case of chronic pollution (the volatile substances can diffuse in the ground on several meters).
The nature of the pollutants can be very diverse: hydrocarbons, solvents, metals,… it is necessary to call upon experts in case of doubt.
Missions of environmental engineering
The works which present risks for its occupants are not rare, not because they were badly conceived or badly built, but because the materials appeared dangerous (lead, asbestos, etc) or that the ground could be often polluted by a last activity and that the change of use badly was appréhendé.The assistance to control of work thus consists in accompanying the building owner and to advise it. That will be able as in géotechnie influencing the design of the ouvrage.
The other share of its mission is the control of work of depollution: realization of studies historical and documentary, of diagnoses of ground, evaluation of health hazards (EQRS), interpretation of the state of mediums (IEM), installation of plan of management, analyzes residual risks (ARR),…
Excavation/Treatment of under ground
French exception in Europe, the grounds polluted in place are not regarded as waste. They have a particular status which enables them to be managed as well as possible according to the use of the site. Attention the authorities insist on the fact that the sites must be removed from their pollutants in priorities rather than confinés.At all events of many solutions exist of stabilization soils polluted (excavation, venting, sparging, bio increase, etc) The excavation is the most obvious technique but always best not adapted. It is appropriate enough in the cases of sales or of real transfers because the protagonists are in a hurry. However its cost remains very high and other dies develop to avoid hiding the ground! It should be noted that this technique is not always applicable in the middle of a company under operation.
External bonds
- ludic Site of the office of geological and mining research
- typical Missions of an office board of trustees of sites and polluted grounds.
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