Political science - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

History

The political science is a relatively recent discipline, from which some date emergence (at least with regard to modern political science), at the 16th century with Nicolas Machiavel (separation of morals and the policy). Already, in Antiquity, it exists forms of political organizations, polished (from which the political word, which means quoted ) in the Greek democracy is resulting, the Res Publica (public thing) which founds the equality of all as for the political rights in the ancient Rome, except for the slaves. A hexagonal curiosity, in the general public, is that Nicolas Machiavel, inventor of the literary kind of the " account of voyage" , is known like politician and that Michel de Montaigne, politician, is known as inventor of the literary kind of the " Essais".

In the Chinese Thought of Marcel Granet, political art dated from the “schools confucéennes”. The Chinese Public administration is oldest, “mandarinat”, started at that time. In Europe, political economy is with the conjunction of the Droit, the Sociologie and the Psychologie.

Anglophonia distinguishes in political scientist and political analyst for the practitioners on two levels distinct, politics and policies , respectively. Previously training in political science was done in a Faculty of Law. A State starts with articles of constitutional Law. Formation in " political Economy " was also given in Right, where Vo Nguyen Giap had had its Doctorat in political economy, before becoming Général, on the ground, after having gained battles. Political economy ramifies in three large branches public administration, International relations, studies military and strategic

But it is truly only in the middle of the 19th century that are born social sciences and among them political science, especially thanks to the changes generated by the industrial era and industrialization. This industrialization influences social sciences (new social categories, employers, workers) and the development of means of communication and transport. It is also the end of great explorations, one more seeks to include/understand the world and his operation. One attends rise of individualism, and by reaction to this one, with the rise of nationalisms. Material change: the divine hand is supplanted by the Scientisme; until there, the scientists were to know all the disciplines, but because of the multiplicity of the new disciplines, each scientist can henceforth devote himself to his only discipline.

He takes place a scission of economics and politics. The State acquires with the wire of the time of new competences, from where a development of the administration to support it.

Like the whole of social sciences, political science seeks to know the operation of the company and tries to bring solutions by the multiplication of the studies.

At the 20th century

While political science evolves/moves with the the United States, there is stagnation in Europe during the interval wars, undoubtedly because certain countries pass under the yoke of authoritarian regimes. The development with the the United States is stimulated by the absence of constraints and the arrival of a certain number of taken refuge scientists (German, English, Italian, Austrian).

As of 1945, political science enters a new phase of its development, there is agreement on a whole series of objects of study which form the field of political science, there is a common claim of the expression “Political science”, emergence of vectors of distribution of the research results.

According to Philippe Braud, political science recovers the political Théorie, the political Sociologie, the administrative Science, the International relations. Others add the strategic studies to it.

According to Maurice Duverger, political science is made up only by the political Sociologie.

See too

Internal bonds

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