This article treats Communist party of Poland of 1918-1938. For the party which controlled Poland of 1948 to 1989, to see working Parti unified Polish.

The Polish Communist party (in Polish Komunistyczna Partia Polski , KPP ) is a political party of the interval wars. Its official name was until 1925 " Working Communist party Polonais" ( Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski , KPRP), and counted 7.000 members at his origin. Its leaders were Adolf Warski, Henryk Walecki and Wera Kostrzewa, called " 3 W".

It was founded in 1918, by the fusion of the Social democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL, founded by Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches) and of the left section of the Polish Socialist party, minority and internationalist ( PPS-Lewica ), both opposed to the creation of a Polish State. The KPRP militated for the proclamation of a proletarian State, the disappearance of the Polish State (which he regarded as provisional), the Collectivisation of the grounds, the dissolution of the Polish Army, and the fastening of the Weimar Republic to the High Silesia.

It was thus as of its creation on December 16th 1918, in the context of the Russian Révolution, opposed to the PS. Its press agency was Czerwony sztandar (the red standard), whose pulling was estimated from 10 to 30.000. For its support for the Red Army , which according to him owes " to release the Polish proletarians of oppression bourgeoise" at the time of the Russo-Polish war, the party is made illegal. While remaining illegal, there adheres to the Third International, in March 1919.

In 1923, following the annexation of the Ukraine by the USSR, the party is joined by a few hundreds of former members of the first Communist party of Ukraine and of the Belorusse Communist party. Wanting to legally take share with the elections of 1922 for the Sejm, it takes the name of loan " Związek Proletariatu Miast I Wsi" (rural and town proletarian Party), and obtains 2 deputies (with less than 5% of the votes).

Some of the members of the KPP fought within the international Brigades.

At the time of IIIe Congress of the KPRP, in March 1925, the party decides to take name Polish Communist party , to support Trotski, and recognizes finally the existence of a sovereign Polish State. It tries an electoral alliance with the PS and the Bund, which refuse.

In May 1926, the KPP decides to support the coup d'etat of Józef Piłsudski, in opposition to the right government. Piłsudski will on the other hand make imprison certain communist opponents, of which Władysław Gomułka, Edward Ochab or Bolesław Bierut. With the parliamentary elections of 1928, the party obtains 8% of the voices and 7 deputies. The party counts approximately 30.000 members then.

In 1932,60% of the members of the party are " intellectuels" , 30% are peasants and farm laborers, and 10% only of the workmen. Many frameworks were Jewish. The election of Adolf Hitler in 1933 will make assemble to the Polish Communists a patriotic feeling anti-German.

At the time of the Great purgings, the KPP is pointed finger for its opposition to Stalin. In 1937, this last ordered the execution of fourteen leaders of the KPP: Bronkowski, Krajewski, Josef Unszlicht, Adolf Warski, Kostrzewa, Henryk Walecki, Lenski, Bobinski, Ryng, Ciszewski, Henrykowski, Sztande, Jasienski and Wandurski, which was considered, imprisoned and deaths in prison. In spite of these political purgings and murders Stalin still does not have confidence in his/her Polish comrades. and the KPP was dissolved by the Komintern in 1938 under the charge of Trotskisme.

Convinced of the need for a new pro-Stalinist Polish Communism, Stalin will make create in 1942 the working Parti Polish (whose several members had been members of the KPP).

At the time of the XXe Congresses of PCUS in 1956, the members of the KPP carried out during the Grandes purgings are officially rehabilitated.

The militant Maoïste Polish Kazimierz Mijal founded an illegal Polish Communist party in 1965; and disappeared after in exile with Beijing and Albania where it animated Polish chronicles with Radio Tirana, and returns of exile in 1983. The party disappears in 1996.

The party was recreated in October 2002 by Józef Łachut, but its weight on the Polish political scene is almost unimportant. It obtains 0,77% at the time of the parliamentary elections of 2005. He is from now on integral part of the new party anticlerical Raison of the Polish left or Racja .

See too

• Kazimierz Badowski

• Marxism

External bonds

• Site of the Party
• Site of Communist youths