Policy of the Hollow one

Political history of Hollow since 1848

The second Republic: party of the order to the advanced Republic

1848: the preserving reflex

1849: The weight of the emigrants

the election of the Prince President

Results of the presidential election of December 10th, 1848 in Hollow the

Source: " The National of Creuse" of December 17th, 1848

Second Empire: The return to " the ordre"

The third Republic or the republican rooting

1871-1876: The last start monarchist

1876: Republican triumph

1876-1898: Opportunist republicans: rupture and continuity

1898-1932: The reign of the radicals or victory of the méritocratie

1932-1939: The time of the Socialists

Abandonment with the revival

1939-1940: The year of the questionings

1940-1944: Years of combat and the revival

The fourth Republic: Between ruptures and continuity

With the Release, for several reasons, the political life creusoise is deeply upset. The electorate is revolutionized. For the first time, the vote for all being itself with the women. The number of the registered voters on the electoral rolls passes from 67.301 in 1936 to 137.906 in 1945, which is not without consequences.

The prewar political personnel, largely discredited, does not play any more a leading role. The changing is ensured by new men resulting from Resistance.

Lastly, the power struggles in favor are also radically modified by it. The center of gravity of the electorate moves clearly towards the left.

The changing of the men

As of the resumption of the democratic life, one can observe a double phenomenon concerning the political personnel creusois. For the more political elections (Legislative, the Council of the Republic), the elected officials as the candidates are all resulting from Resistance. Very little had an activity of foreground in 1939. On the other hand, one witnesses a certain permanence of the men at the local level and their confirmation by the electorate.

the émergeance of a new political personnel
Essentially, the men who had dominated the political life creusoise before war disparraissent before scene. To take only the case of the members of Parliament, all are withdrawn or limited to a local activity. Only Camille Ferrand (former Deputy and Senator Radical-Socialiste) will make several attempts without success. For the population, they are marked by the ten last years events ( Voir higher ).

Since 1945, the Deputies of Hollow are the authentic resistant ones. Auguste Tourtaud (communist) teacher, trade-union activist before war, was Head of State major of ftp (Commander " André"). Roger Cerclier (socialist) also trade-union activist of the world teaching in 1939, was a pioneer of the resistance movements into Hollow (alias " Jean-Pierre) before chairing the Departmental committee of Release (CDL). Lastly, Pierre Bourdan (UDSR) is a former announcer of the BBC. It will be replaced by Jacques Baumel in 1946 Compagnon of the Release. It should be noted that the radicals, which neglected to renew their frameworks, will have to wait until 1951 and the arrival of Olivier de Pierrebourg, Compagnon of the Release, to find a parliamentary representation.

In parallel, the political parties, mainly Communist and Socialist deeply renewed their top executives, and take intense actions of recruitment and propaganda.

the paradox of research notable
In spite of the upheavals in the personalities, one notes a certain permanence of the political behaviors.

Certain personalities of the third Republic keep an unquestionable influence and even certain mandates. The example of Camille Benassy, first member of Parliament SFIO creusois in 1924, is on this remarkable point. It finds its town hall of Royère and its seat at the General advice in 1945. Auguste Chambonnet, former member of Parliament radical socialist, while chairing an association of former deportees, becomes again city council man of Aubusson in 1945, then mayor in 1953. Others like Camille Riffaterre without being elected, exert an influence through organizations the such trade union of electrification.

The concentration of the capacities by the office plurality and the term of the offices, recurring tendency in the rural areas, becomes again quickly with the last style. The typical case is that of Paul Pauly. Socialist, civil servant of the Treasury, old resistant, it sits at the CL of Aubusson to the Release. He becomes then, city council man and general adviser of Aubusson in 1945 and 1946. He is elected President of the departmental Parliament in 1946 and will remain it until 1973. Elected with the Council of the Republic in 1946, then with the Senate, it also remains with the Senate until 1973. One can also quote the case of Olivier de Pierrebourg elected appointed radical into 1951 which remains it until 1973. He becomes meanwhile General adviser (1959-1970) and mayor of Guéret (1971-1973). To a lesser extent, Auguste Tourtaud is appointed communist of 1945 to 1958. He will be candidate for all the legislative ones until 1968. Elected official city council man of Guéret in 1945 it remains it until 1971. Lastly, he is general adviser of 1965 to 1971.

Last element of permanence of the capacity, it occurs as from 1945 the same phenomenon as at the end of the 19th century: the local authority slips towards a new political family. This period had seen the capacity of the opportunist republicans to rock towards the radicals. To the Release, the local authority passes in the hands of Socialists SFIO. They are not least paradoxes, whereas the socialist electoral influence with the legislative ballots are packed (c.f. below), the weight of the town councilors becomes prépondérent. The figures are significant: in 1946, the SFIO holds 18,3% of the seats of city council men, 26,8% of the seats of mayors, 44,0% of the seats of general advisers (of which presidency). At the time of the election of the members of the Council of the Republic (Upper House), 37,9% of the Great Electors claim SFIO, 24% independent Socialists. This involves the election of two Socialists (Pauly and Chazette) with 57% of the voices, score which on average the three elected officials radical socialists in 1938 had reached.

The range in favor in building site

The best indicators to appreciate the evolutions of the electorate creusois are the results with the legislative elections. As the graphs show it below, of deep modifications intervene in 1945. The center of gravity of this electorate, strongly moves towards the left. The weight of the communist vote is multiplied by more than two compared to 1936. But it is advisable to observe the changes for each political family, because they all are impacted.
Communists: glory with insulation
As at the national level, the French Communist party (PCF) leaves reinforced tests the war. Its departmental score even largely exceeds the national score (33,14% compared with 26,2% of the votes cast). This situation will perdurera until the end of the fourth Republic with a remarkable result in 1956 (46,87% against 25,9%). Its average weight under the fourth Republic is almost four times more important than under the preceding mode (26,94% of the registered voters against 7,43%). PCF clearly precedes other political trainings and in particular its large rival since 1920 SFIO. The relations which remain relatively friendly, as reciprocal desistances with the local elections attest it, enveniment gradually to be become extremely tended on bottom of cold war and decolonization.

Its very good résutats electoral makes it possible PCF to send at least a representative creusois (Auguste Tourtaud) to the Parliament during all the period. They are even two on two occasions. In November 1946, Jean Dumet farmer, mayor of Saint-Hilaire-the-Castle is elected. The same applies to Pierre Ferrand in 1956. Doctor, neuveu of Camille Ferrand parliamentary radical of the Thirties, it is elected on the list " Union of the gauches" carried out by Tourtaud and seat with the Union progressist. This year there, PCF misses the " large chelem" little and the election of Emile Godfather socialist mayor independent of Underground the.

These successes are made possible for several reasons. Initially, PCF enjoys an immense prestige at the end of the war. The " Party of the 100.000 fusillés" also took part very actively in Resistance into Hollow. The person in charge of the party over all the period, we saw it, occupied of high responsibilities in the State departmental major FTP. The commander Martin Head of State major departmental FFI is also communist. Crushing the majority of the départemantaux executives of the party result from Resistance.

Then, PCF adopts since 1945 a policy of Popular front while trying to extend to the maximum its base with all the sensitivities of the left. It succeeded mainly in this strategy, since in 1956, the " List union of the lefts of republican, social defense and laïque" composed of Tourtaud (Re-elected), Ferrand (Radical of left-Elected official) and Godfather (Socialist) a bright success with 46,87% of the votes cast gains.

The Party also undertakes an intense activity of recruitment and propaganda. Departmental militant manpower reach several thousands quickly. These militants are very active in satellite organizations (Union of the French Women, Union of republican youths of France,…), and the majority of the CGT trade unions are directed by members of PCF. The general secretary of the departmental union is Albert Coucaud, communist, old bricklayer's mate resistant, assistant with the mayor of Guéret.

Lastly, PCF profits from an unquestionable basket generated by the attitude of the SFIO during the colonial wars. The Party strongly opposes for example the Guerre of Algeria, of great demonstrations mobilizing of the thousands of people are of aillor organized in the department. The context Manichean of cold war also contributes to enlarge the rows of PCF while obliging with the " choice; defense républicaine" or reaction.

But this strategy of " fortress assiègée" or of " only against tous" , reached its limits. Insulated on its positions and not offering a political outlet, the PCF which certainly in addition under estimated the aspect " patriotique" certain votes in its favor is badly prepareds with the events which prepare in the years 1957-1958. In spite of its electoral audience, the party also has difficulties with enraciner in the Republic of the notable ones, which weakens its positions.

Socialists: relay with the dead end
radicals: survival with conversion
lines: absence with the miracle

The fifth Republic: the time of the bipolarisation

1958-1973: Electoral and representative stability

1973-1980: Towards the socialist leadership

1980-1993: The Socialists " with the pouvoirs" department

1993-1997: The eclipse: line with the orders

Since 1997: The return of the left

The policy into Hollow currently

Composition of the General advice after the elections of March 28th, 2004

  • PS: 14 seats

  • UMP: 8 seats
  • UDF: 1 seat
  • Various left: 2 seats
  • PCF: 1 seat
  • PRG: 1 seat

the president of the General advice

The president of the General advice of the Creuse is Jean-Jacques Lozach (PS) since 1998.

former presidents of the General advice

Current members of Parliament

the deputies (Legislature 2002 - 2007)

Legislature 2002 - 2007 See also List of the deputies of Hollow the

the senators (Mandate 1998 - 2007)

See also List of the senators of Hollow the

Conclusion

The general advice is mainly on the left, the 2 senators are Socialiste S and 1 deputy out of both is of left.

Hollow although the primarily rural one is a department which historically was always a bastion of left.

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