Policy of Cuba

The political of Cuba is a subject of polemic. For the adversaries of Cuba, Cuba is a Dictature directed by Fidel Castro, which is Head of the State, chief of the Government, First secretary of the Communist party cuban and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. For the partisans of Cuba, the cuban example a model for “ America of the poor ” (the Latin America). For them, Cuba is a Démocratie because Fidel Castro is elected by the deputies of the National Assembly who are them-even elected by direct vote of the population.

The cuban Revolution

January 1st 1959, Castro, organizer of resistance, Che Guevara and their army reverse the Dictateur Fulgencio Batista which escapes after having directed Cuba since 1952.

When Batista was with the capacity, 70% of the grounds belonged to foreigners or alien companies (American for the majority). The new revolutionary government adopts reforms and confiscates all the grounds, including those of the cuban small farmers.

Cuba at the time of Batista was a prosperous country. In 1939 the Cubans held 22% of the national production; in 1952,55% and 1958,62% National association of Hacendados (Landowners) Cuban

The relations with the United States worsen quickly. The geographical location of Cuba, with a few kilometers of the Florida in fact a strategic element in this period of Cold war. Fidel Castro chooses the Soviet camp and affirms to try to build a socialist State, it opens diplomatic relations with the the USSR, this one supports the mode castrist then. A constitution on the model of the the USSR is adopted, which has constrained the government to adopt methods of organization close to those to the the USSR, other organizations were considered.

Political system

The cuban army and the police force

The cuban generals control the sector-keys of the cuban economy: Gaviota is between the hands of Shine Pérez Rospide whereas the Groupe of administration of the companies (Gaesa) is under the influence of Julio Casas Regueiro. Since the Revolution, Raul Castro is the Minister for the Revolutionary armed forces (Minfar). The general Abelardo Colomé Ibarra deals with the ministry for the interior, on which depend the Political police (“safety of the State”) as well as the special troops.

Situation of the Human rights

Violations of the democratic rules

Political prisoner: the camps of work locked up catholics (like the cardinal Jaime Ortega), of the pilot of Jéhovah, the homosexual as well as people described as “asocial”.

Freedom of expression and of the press: according to Amnesty International and Reporters without borders, of many journalists and opponents are imprisoned. June 23rd 2003, 50 cuban nationals were condemned to heavy sorrows of imprisonment, pursuant to article 91 of the Penal code and the law n°88. The called upon reason exists in all the civil codes of the democratic States: “work in.liaison.with a foreign power in the objective to shake the cuban Government”. The poet Raul Rivero, current president of the inter-American Company of press (SIP), was stopped in March 2003 with the 74 other opponents at the time of the vagueness of repression, one of most severe the impetus by the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. Shown “treason of the fatherland” and “collaboration with a foreign power” during a summary lawsuit, he was condemned to 20 years of prison. He is released the November 30th 2004 following “pressures soft” of Jose Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Spanish Prime Minister. August 29th, 2006, the journalist Juan Carlos Herrera Acosta, condemned to 20 years of prison in Camaguey, was struck by its guards because he asked for the right of telephone. When Fidel Castro is falls ill in August 2006, the pressure was accentuated on the dissidents: groups in charge of the monitoring of their vicinity encouraged the denouncement. In Banes, in the province of Holguin, the only library independent of the city was encircled by groups of citizens checking the personal identities which wanted to enter.
Censure of Internet: the Cubans are equipped little out of computer material (3,3 computers for 100 inhabitants, i.e. one of the lowest rates of the world) and it exists one operator in the country, company ETEC SA.

Absence of the multi-party system: the communist party is the only legal one and only the official press is authorized. Since 1959, the partisans of Batista are carried out in an expeditious way. Very critical is condemned: for example, Jesús Yáñez Furrier, vice-president of the Movement for the human rights, are assigned with residence and narrowly supervised because it had expressed his opposition to the bringing together of Fidel Castro with the cuban Communist party with the beginning of the year 1960.

Defense of the Human rights and dissidents cuban

Defense of the mode castrist

The foundation France Freedoms directed by Danielle Mitterrand refuses to compare the cuban mode to a Dictature. For this foundation, indeed, the situation on the level of the education, as of the medical cover is remarkable for this geographical area and does not allow to introduce Fidel Castro as a despot indifferent to the fate of his people.

Violations of the human rights made by the USA in Cuba

Guantanamo

The USA, within the framework of their war against terrorism, transformed part of the base of Guantanamo into a prison, the Delta camp, in which they lock up for unlimited durations and without any judgment of the suspectées people of terrorism. According to Amnesty International, 430 prisoners of 35 nationalities whose 17 minors are in this prison at the end of 2006.

Camp Iguana was built for the minor prisoners. Those could walk inside the enclosure of the camp and see the sea through a fence. They were returned on their premises in 2004. The fences were made opaque and reinforced and this prison is used today to lock up and question the people considered as not fighting.

The detractors of these prisons regard them as concentration camps. (for example the director penitentiary of Guantanamo asked for closing at the beginning of 2007)

Interference of the United States

Denounced by intellectuals, former heads, by American organizations which has a presentiment of the Congress or by Hugo Chavez, this interference is condemned each year by UNO (unanimously with share the United States and Israel).

Environmental policy

In his biannual report/ratio presented to Beijing, WWF supports that only Cuba has a level of human development (education health) acceptable, combined with a bearable ecological print, which created the conditions of a sustainable development.

“ That does not want to say that Cuba is a perfect country, but that it is the only one to meet the conditions ”, answered agency EFE Jonathan Loh, one of the authors of research.

The Communist party of Cuba

According to the dissidents, employment making it possible to live correctly (mainly tourism) is reserved to the members of the party of Fidel Castro. The cuban Communist party is the only party recognized and authorized in Cuba. It does not have officially the right to be presented to the elections nor to take party within the framework of those. The system of the elections in Cuba is completely different from that of the Western democracies. It is not a question to join together votes for parties which name their candidates, but to vote directly for candidates without the intermediary of any party. The candidates are named in a first phase in their companies or their districts. In a second phase, these candidatures are accepted or not by a vote in the majority.

In Cuba the only authorized Party is the Cuban Communist party. Of this fact all the elected officials make party of this one. The Cuban votes at the base in his district. But when it arrives at the polling station it has the choice to vote for ten people chosen beforehand by the members of the Communist party. They are these people who, once " elected " at the time of this show of election, will elect, in their turn, the representatives of the Province (quite as pertaining to the Party). Then these representatives will elect in their turn the representatives of the Nation or National Assembly (all also belonging to the same Party). As for them, they will unanimously elect Fidel Castro as a Head of the State, Prime Minister and President of the Council of State. This invariably since 1976. Between 1959-1976 the government of Fidel Castro having promised free elections in 1959 did not hold word. No election took place, and Cuba was in a " constitutional vacuum " until 1976.

Last elections

The last elections of October 2002 and January 2003 saw a participation from respectively 95.75% and 97.6%, out of 8.115.215 voters Cubans, in a country where the elections are not obligatory. But where the president of the Defense committee of the Revolution (CDR), house in charge of the monitoring of the others in each pie of house, fact of the door with door obliging the citizens to go in the polling station. The citizen must thus go there because the President of CDR can give an negative opinion on the person and of this fact this one is likely to lose its employment or is likely to see his/her prohibited son to follow higher learning. Approximately 35.9% of the deputies are women, in increase of 8.34%. The blacks and the mongrels constitute 32.8% of the members, that is to say an increase 4,55%. Almost totality has level university and technical higher and the delegates of district account for 46.5% of the deputies.

Political parties: PCC - Communist party of Cuba (only official party)

Next elections: Elections main road and provincial (2008)

Affiliations: CEPALC, G-77, OMC, WENT, UNO

The parliamentary elections of the January 19th 2003, were followed by 98% of the voters and officially there is 3% of white and less than 1% of no one. These elections are recognized by the interparliamentary Union (IPU).

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