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See also: Blade Runner

Blade Runner is an American film of Science-fiction of Ridley Scott left in 1982. Do the history is very strongly inspired by the novel Androïdes dream of electric sheep? ( C Androids Dream off Electric Sheep? ) written by Philip K. Dick in 1966.

History

The world

The history proceeds in 2019 in a Los Angeles of a Ground vitiated because of radioactive wars which destroyed the near total of the fauna and of the Flore of planet.

The land governments very strongly encourage the exile towards Mars which is in the course of colonization. To support the departures, those gracefully offer a “Androïde to do everything” with all the people who exile themselves. These Androïde S is called “Réplicant S” and is more or less regarded as modern slaves. They are also used in the heavy or dangerous work, like objects of pleasures or in the armed forces.

The réplicants are created by only one powerful firm: the Tyrell Corporation which is at the same time rich, powerful and influential. After a bloody revolt of the réplicants in a Martian colony, the latter are then prohibited on Earth. However, some succeed in fleeing and regaining the Earth to find their creators (of which Eldon Tyrell, itself), and to oblige them to rectify their genetic character which limits them to one lifespan from four to five years at the maximum.

The police units Blade Runner are there to make respect the law with the contraveners androïdes. They have thus the authorization to kill any réplicant in irregular situation. One does not call that an execution but a “withdrawal”. Each withdrawal gives right a substantial premium for the Blade Runner which carried out it.

However, these androïdes modern is so advanced that it is difficult with the Blade Runners to identify them and they must then lengthily inquire in order to have the certainty which it is indeed a androïde before withdrawing it.

To locate the réplicants , the Blade Runner concentrates on the differences which exist between them and the human ones. Here the three principal ones:

  • the Réplicant S are not sensitive to the animal life (to which the human ones are very attached, more especially as animal truths are very, very rare) and nothing feels when an animal is put at death. Thus, a massacre in a animalery will put surely the Blade Runner on the track of réplicants . (It is besides the initial screen of the video game Blade Runner .)
  • the réplicants do not have a priori any form of Empathie between them and towards the others… Thus, they will not do anything to help one as of their and become often resigned when a Blade Runner the trap. This is why the Blade Runners are able to detect a réplicant by carrying out a test of empathy Voight-Kampff , by detecting the involuntary physiological reactions of the subject vis-a-vis a setting in situation given (maternal attachment, emotional or moral stress.).
  • the réplicants have a Moelle osseous different from that of the human ones, owing to the fact that it was created genetically, which allows a checking post-mortem .

The film attempts to show subtly that the hunters of réplicants do not test much more empathy than the réplicants themselves. But this aspect of the things is not perceived immediately by the hero…

Characters

See also: List of the characters of Blade Runner

Synopsis

The film makes us follow the history of Rick Deckard, a Blade Runner which has the role of finding and of withdrawing four Réplicant S escaped from a colony of space (the fifth “having roasted” in a field of energy while going to the Tyrell Corporation).

The history starts with Chinatown , one of the districts of Los Angeles, where Deckard is led in Spinner by Gaff to the general headquarter of the police force of the sector. There, he learns that Holden, best the Blade Runner of the team, was reduced “” (while making pass the test of Voight-Kampff to retorting Leon of the type “Nexus-6”), the most advanced model of the réplicants (except Rachel, a single model and rather successful…). He discovers whereas his tracking consists in withdrawing the four androïdes remaining of this model, in particular their chief, frightening Roy Batty…

In Tyrell Corporation, Deckard meets Rachel, one retorting which is believed human and with which it falls little by little in love. Thereafter, Rachel will become aware of its nature of réplicante. Deckard will be consequently charged to eliminate it, but will not be able there to be solved.

The androïdes are driven only by their research of the truth and try to find the explanations on themselves in a deep initiatory search. They seek a means of living longer and one by one climb the levels towards knowledge, but their destiny (death) catches up with them… Indeed, with the passing of years, they seem to develop feelings and become aware their own finitude " programmée" …

As for Deckard, he learns some gradually more on itself in contact with these humanoïdes whose “humanity” is sometimes stronger than that of the Blade Runners .

Recurring topics and aspects

  • oppressive atmosphere: This city with large the Skyscraper, dark and enlightened in the light of advertizing neons, the rain, the congestions and the “cityspeak” (slang made up of several languages) take part to give an impression rejecting on the spectator. Indeed, to create this universe Cyberpunk and of Black film, Ridley Scott took a care particular to the decorations and the environment of the Los Angeles of 2019 so that they play a part of first order in film.

  • the eye, the “mirror of the heart” whose Réplicant S would miss, is omnipresent in film. As of the first scene, the pyramidal building of the Tyrell Corporation is reflected in a close-up of the eye of Holden in order to evoke the symbolic system of the eye of Providence. Hannibal Chew, geneticist for the firm is specialized in the creation of eyes Artificiel S for the réplicants. The test of Voight-Kampff analyzes, inter alia thing, the dilation of the Pupille. Lastly, in the “Warner version” of the assembly of film, the eyes of the réplicants “shine” when they are disturbed.

  • the symbolism religious via religious parabolas. Being given the superhuman capacities of the réplicants, they are created by Tyrell (God) and their fall of the skies (the “off-world”) in fact of the Fallen angels. Roy Batty division much of similarities in this context with Lucifer, and that becomes more obvious when it deliberately quotes in an incorrect way a quotation of William Blake: “Fiery the angels fell…” instead of “pink Fiery the angels…” ( America: Prophecy has). Zhora makes use of a Serpent pointing out the Genèse with Adam and Eve. Towards the end of its life, Roy has Stigmate S then is placed in a position resembling the Christ to mean her hello in Deckard. To its death, the heart of Roy goes up in the skies in the shape of a dove, which seems “to achieve” the premature metaphor of Tyrell of the “Prodigal sons”. In the same way, the wounds of laser gun of Zhora are both on its Omoplate S, making it resemble an angel whose wings were cut.

  • the Cogito of Descartes: the Réplicant, even if it is not human, is aware of its existence and thus of its end, such Roy which tries to push back it. Thus, the certainty of Descartes “I think, therefore I am” applies without any doubt to the most advanced réplicants, bringing them closer still a little more human nature. Moreover, the name Rick Deckard is not without evoking that of Rene Descartes…

  • the female Stereotype S: the principal feminine roles tend to return the woman like “object”. Enter Pris, the basic model of pleasure, Zhora the erotic dancer and Rachael semi-secretary, mid- femme fatale. One could even believe that the film would be Misogyne, since Pris and Zhora can be seen like “strong and independent women” but are killed, while Rachael which is their opposite, remains in life. Nevertheless, one can see there, rather than misogyny on behalf of the authors of film, a pessimistic glance on the condition of the woman, as in Thelma and Louise , of same Ridley Scott. In addition, Deckard will owe its life in Rachael, which prevents retorting it Leon to kill it.

  • animal

  • the failures
  • the Paranoïa
  • the Clonage and the Génétique
  • the fact that technology will be a solution with all the problems.
  • the Environment
  • the economic Corporatism and inequalities
  • the human heart
  • to remember S

Comments

End of film

See also: Liste of the characters of Blade is Runner#Deckard one réplicant?, is Deckard one réplicant?

The film Blade Runner is currently available with two ends (principal differences between the two versions, the version “cinema” of 1982 and the version Director' S cut of 1992). But there exists in fact six versions, six assemblies different from same film. Here the list of the versions known to date:

  • Workprint /preview of Denver and Dallas (1982)

  • Preview of San Diego (June 1982)
  • Left national American (1982)
  • Left national with the Japan (1982). Specific assembly for the Japan (Version only published in Laserdisc Video with the Japan)
  • Left international (Europe and Asia) (1982)
  • the Director' S Cut (BRDC) (1992)

The préversions of Denver, Dallas & San Diego were very close to the final assembly which one can see in the version Director' S Cut of 1992, in particular on the statute of the main character, Rick Deckard which passes from simple human police officer in the official version American & European to that of androïde in the Director' S Cut and in the pre-versions. The end itself remains the same one between the pre-versions and the Director' S Cut .

End known as alternative wanted by the producers of the Warner Bros. Pictures is due to the reactions of the spectators of the pre-versions of Denver, Dallas and San Diego. It is necessary, to include/understand, replace themselves in the context of the time. Blade Runner is a science fiction film, which leaves at the time of the Star Wars . The main actor of film, Harrison Ford, is then in full glory thanks to roles like that of Han Solo or Indiana Jones . However, the spectators attracted by a science fiction film played by such an actor are mainly adolescent. And this public which was not the Cœur of target of this film was shocked to see their actor-high-speed motorboat passing for a coward, weak and disillusioned in a dark universe and little engaging.

Thrown into a panic by the very bad general opinion, the producers thus went up - without the agreement of the realizer Ridley Scott - the end, by recycling rushes not used film of Stanley Kubrick, Shining and by adding a voice-off in order to “allow the spectator to better include/understand film”. Ten years later, Ridley Scott will be able to take again the assembly of its film but Warner, again wanting to take advantage of his right on film, posed an ultimatum with the realizer who had - to be able to hold the time - to give up part of the restoration.

Rumors ran that Ridley Scott prepared a box DVD “ Blade Runner - Special Edition”, but it seemed that Warner had once again, for reasons of rights, forced the realizer to give up the project. However, it was recently announced that a new edition would be born at the time of the 25e birthday of film. “ Blade Runner - Final Cut” should thus leave to the cinema in the current the year 2007 followed by an exit DVD including/understanding all the various versions film and decorated many no-claims bonus. While waiting, the version Director' S cut remasterized is available in France on support DVD since the November 8th 2006.

The fidelity of the adaptation

Philip K. Dick died a few days before the exit of film but it had been able to view a 40 minute old pre-version which had filled with enthusiasm it. Contrary the critic Philippe Operates, in Métal Howling , does not hesitate to speak about one second dead for the writer, and to compare the situation with that of Boris Vian, deceased to the exit of the first meeting of the adaptation of I will spit on your tombs .

Such a reaction can seem excessive, it is not interdict to think only one faithful adaptation of a text does not make necessarily a good film, and vice versa. The very favorable reception of the public contrasts with the opinion more than reserved criticisms.

The film and the novel (commercially renamed Blade Runner ) maintain indeed only one rather mean report/ratio. The character of Rachel, for example, does not have with the cinema his original ambiguity and is not incarnated by the actress who interprets the role of Taken (in the novel, the two women are physically identical). Always in film, Deckard is not married and does not deal with electric sheep. The virtual reality of the “prophet” Mercer is not approached either. All these elisions obviously seem to be justified by the need to obtain a relatively simple and comprehensible scenario by all. Although one is projected in the register of action film (very far away from the environment of the novel), Ridley Scott preserved the atmosphere melancholic person and obtained a film which, failing to be faithful, is coherent and durably marked the public of the time.

Important differences with the novel

Here a nonexhaustive list of differences:
  • the film occurs in 2019 and the novel in 1992.
  • the film occurs to Los Angeles and the novel to San Francisco.
  • the “mercerism”, the emotional organ of Penfield, Buster Friendly and the box of empathy are important aspects of the book about which the film does not speak.
  • In the various versions of film, Deckard only or is divorced, which enables him to have a romantic relation with Rachael. In the novel it has a named woman Iran.
  • It does not have there radioactive dust in film, contrary to the novel.
  • Deckard “is reprocessed” of the active service of tracking of Réplicant S in film, but in the novel it is still in service.
  • the hunters of premium are called “Blade Runner” in film, in the novel this term does not appear.
  • a androïde is called “réplicant” in film and “andy” (for Androïde) in the novel.
  • In the novel, Rachael and Pris are identical. In film, they are not it, they are played by two various actresses: Sean Young and Daryl Hannah.

Inspiration

The particular atmosphere inter alia is inspired by work of the “futurologist” Syd Mead and by Moebius when it published in Métal howling .

Before Blade Runner, Ridley Scott and Moebius had collaborated on Alien - the eighth passenger. Ridley would have wished to see Moebius also working on this film, but as it was under contract elsewhere, that could not be done. Nevertheless, although it was not implied directly, its work was certainly used as reference during the production.

Let us underline also the presence in the engineering team of Douglas Trumbull, the Master of the special effects of Hollywood, which was at the origin of the effects of 2001, the odyssey of space or of Rencontres of the third type . Ridley Scott, which knew Trumbull since years without never on the occasion to work with, immediately entrusted to him the development of the many visual effects of film, of the miniatures for the fictitious overflight of the industrial landscape and the pyramid of the Tyrell Corporation at the beginning of the film (decoration precisely called “the hell of Ridley”), with the reproduction life size of the cockpit of the vessels furrowing the city.

Data sheet

Distribution

Music

The original soundtrack of film was composed by Vangelis, which had just gained the Oscar of the best film music for the Carriages of fire ( Chariots off Fire ) of Hugh Hudson. It is a dark mixture of melody, of Classical music with futuristic sounds with the Synthétiseur which reflects the environment under consideration by Ridley Scott. It was also accompanied by Demis Roussos for certain arrangements and songs, of the type-setter Peter Skellern, the saxophonist of jazz Dick Morrissey, of the group The Ink Spots, of the singer Don Percival and the singer Mary Hopkin.

In spite of a good reception by the public and the critics, the album will leave more than ten years later. That did not prevent it from being named in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe Award as a “better film music”.

Several versions were created to mitigate this lack of which one in 1982 by the The New American Orchestra but it is only in 1994 that “the true” album left with certain musics drawn from the version from the realizer from film.

In 2005, a version Bootleg named Blade Runner - associating Esper Edition extracted from film and the new musics of film appears well that it is never distributed officially.

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