PolÃtica de Serbia y de Montenegro

History

Its diffusion starts as of 1931. Initially named the Colonial Station , it becomes Paris Mondial in 1938, Radio Paris in 1939, rtf Radio operator Paris in 1945 then ORTF Radio Paris in 1965, before taking the name of Radio France international in 1975.

The Colonial Station: 1931 - 1938

The May 6th 1931, during the World Fair of Paris, is launched the colonial Poste, radio station in Short waves intended for the colonial Empire French via three frequencies: Asia, Africa, Americas. The first emissions take place with the center even exposure then sent by a cable until Pontoise or are the two first transmitters of 15 KW each one. It diffuses the cultural program and stock exchange prices like plays. At the end of December the team of the colonial Station settles with the Haussmann boulevard. She starts to diffuse sequences in English and Spanish. The May 31st 1933 appears the royalty for the right of use of the receivers radios, as well as the tax on the lamps of reception, which finance the station. The same year the Nazi Germany launches her first emissions in short waves towards Europe and North America.

In the Années 1930 the radio becomes a means of propaganda. Conscious of these stakes, Georges Mandel, Minister for the stations, wish that the Colonial Station also diffuse him for the foreign countries. In December 1935 it makes vote by the Parliament a construction project of a broadcast transmitting station of short waves, made up of 6 transmitters of 100KW. In 1936 the Popular front arrives at the capacity, and does not regard the Colonial Station as a priority. The new Minister for the postal and telecommunications authorities gives up even the construction of the center of Noyan, which causes the protest of the members of Parliament. A transmitter is thus installed with the Essarts-the-King. The Guerre of Spain has as a consequence the increase in the diffusion of news in Spanish as from April 1937. Newspapers in Japanese, Russian, Greek, Rumanian, Serbo-Croatian, Polish and in the Scandinavian languages make their appearance. The March 23rd 1938 the transmitter of 25KW of the Essarts-the-King is inaugurated. The Colonial Station is then famous Paris Short waves , then one week later Paris Mondial .

World Paris: 1938 - 1940

The new director is a close relation of Albert Sarraut, a minister radical socialist. Three emissions in foreign languages are of an important nature in the disturbed context of the end of the Années 1930: the German section, which recruit German Jews, the Italian drafting, under the responsibility of Emmanuel Modigliani, lawyer antifascist and brother of the painter, and the Spanish section, made up of Spanish republicans.

September 1st 1939 the Germany invades the Poland, starting the Second world war. The emissions in foreign languages move in the basement of the ministry for the transmissions (avenue of Ségur, Paris). Paris Mondial then denounces the atrocities made by German. At the beginning of 1940 the station emits in 20 languages, against 16 for the BBC: German, English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Danish, Spanish, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Rumanian, Russian, Serbo-croatian, Slovak, Swedish, Czech and Turkish.

The May 10th 1940 the Germans penetrate on the French territory. The June 9th the foreign personnel of broadcasting is invited to leave for Tours, then for Poitiers and Toulouse. The June 17th the station ceases functioning.

The war of the waves: 1940 - 1944

The June 22nd 1940 the Pétain marshal signs the armistice. France is divided in two zones: Northern and Southern. The government installed with Vichy does not have any more a catch but on the Southern zone. It makes use of the short waves to maintain a bond with the colonies. Thus is born the Voice from France which emits towards the Arab Monde, the Spain, the Portugal, the Latin America, the North America and the Romania. In November 1942 the Germans invade the Southern zone and the colonial empire escapes control from Vichy. The relays of Algiers and Rabat cannot be used, following the unloading combined in North Africa. To compensate for this loss is created a new named radio station Faithful France , which diffuses in French and Arab. In 1944 a third station in Short waves is created: Moslem France , which emits in Arab and Berbère. Attached to the ministry for the information and the Propaganda of Philippe Henriot, it functions five months. The August 17th 1944 the Germans make jump the transmitters of Allouis, which prevents the diffusion of the French short waves.

Free France of the general de Gaulle is expressed with BBC, but has soon its own radio in short waves: Radio operator Brazzaville . At the origin a former head of Paris Mondial which creates with his/her half-brother a transmitter. The Americans send then a more powerful transmitter in spare parts. The June 18th 1943 Charles de Gaulle inaugurates it. The June 22nd 1944 de Gaulle signs with Algiers a decree nationalizing all the stations.

Re-starting: 1945 - 1946

January 1st 1945 the emissions towards the foreigner reappear, the Europe and North Africa. The station includes/understands soon twenty sections, whose last to be appeared is that in Arab, in April 1945. The emissions in German seek as for them to demoralize the enemy. The Spanish section, it, is regarded as priority because Franco is still with the capacity in Spain. Finally the North-American section diffuses its programs on the waves of the principal American networks, and meets success. In June 1945 begins the construction of transmitters short waves to Allouis. With the end of the year 1945 300 employees work for the diffusion towards the foreigner who emits in the following languages: French, English, German, Bulgarian, Arab, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese, Hungarian, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Greek, Serbo-croatian and Slovenien. 46 countries receive these programs diffused with three transmitters of a power of 150KW. The resignation of de Gaulle in January 1946 involves the replacement of the director named in 1944. The same year is launched the diffusion in Finnois.

A policy without ambition: 1946 - 1975

The March 15th 1946 the director builds budgetary cuts. In 1947, although the Cold war begins, the Commission of the axe recommends to the suppression of the sections Yugoslav, Rumanian, Bulgarian, Slovenien, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs considering that the radio is ineffective and that only is the cultural activity. In 1947 appears an emission in 15 minutes Esperanto. In March 1949 the Yugoslav, Rumanian and Bulgarian sections are restored. In parallel Dutch, Esperanto and Italian are abandoned. It is also the case of the emissions towards the United States and the Latin America in April 1951, and of Finnish in April 1954. In 1956 the volume of diffusion in Hungarian is increased at the time of the Insurrection of Budapest, but decreases soon because of its cost.

The emissions in Arab of France, initially intended for the the Middle East, then reorientated towards the the Maghreb, take an important character with the agitation which shakes it to it area, and especially the Algérie. Several stations take make and cause for the Algerian revolt: the voice of the Arabs , radio Egyptian woman diffusing in the Maghreb, the Middle East and in Africa, the Voice of free Algeria , diffused since Cairo, and the Voice of Fighting Algeria , emitting since Tunis, Reduction, Damas, Baghdad and Tripoli. That pushes the France to reinforce its emissions in Arabic and Kabyle. In 1960 the emissions in Arabic and Berber move their offices of the Fields-Élysées to settle in a private mansion of the street Colomb. With the independence of Algeria the volume of emissions in Arabic and kabyle decrease.

The May 12th 1958 is launched an emission of fifteen minutes in Yiddish bound for the Jews of Soviet Union. But it is only the October 3rd 1960 which the emissions in begin Russian, whereas the crisis of Berlin makes rage. But they are carried out by Russian emigrants of 1920, and are careful in their contents to avoid being scrambled and because the relations between France and the USSR know a certain relaxation.

In February 1962 the international activities of rtf, the French public diffuser, are gathered within the Management of the foreign relations, relegating the direction of the Short waves to a simple drafting as a chief, whereas before it was a subdirectorate. In June 1963 it undergoes a new budgetary cut causing the suppression of Vietnamese, the French emissions towards the Far East and Europe, from the programs towards Germany and England, like those intended for Spain and the Latin America.

At the end of 1963 Edouard Balladur, then Main of the requests to the Council of State and adviser of the director of rtf is in charge of a study on the objectives, the ambitions and the means of external broadcasting. He recommends the diffusion of a service uninterrupted in French, and the construction of transmitters and relay. But within the State the idea remains that the emissions in short waves are useless. The chief of the department of the emissions towards the foreigner seeks to break this generally accepted idea while launching a survey called the pink of the vents' , the purpose of which is to test the effectiveness of average the techniques available and to support the proposals of Edouard Balladur. 45.000 letters are received. Despite everything, the appropriations decrease further.

In 1965 of the emissions in foreign languages for the immigrant workers living in France are created. Attached to the emissions towards the foreigner, they are financed by the Ministry of Labor. The languages which are practiced there are intended for:

Spanish, Italian and Portuguese (as from 1966).
Arab and Yugoslav (as from 1972)
Turks (as from 1974).
African French-speaking people (as from 1975).
Kampuchean, Laotian and Vietnamese (as from 1976).

At the time of the revolt coed and worker of May 1968 the inter-union one of ORTF, the French public broadcaster, is tired of the political supervision and the difficulty in giving an account of the events. The programs towards the foreigner enter in strike the June 3rd 1968, OCORA, co-operation body with Africa, is touched the May 12th. Several tens of employees are returned, transferred thereafter in province, envoys abroad or put in early withdrawal. In 1969 is created the Direction of the external Businesses and the Co-operation (D.A.E.C.).

In September 1969 the Bulgarian , the Slovenien and the Portuguese are removed, while volume in Russian and Rumanian increases.

The Ministry for Foreign Affairs understands then that it is possible to better make use of the transmitters without increasing the production: the other French stations public will provide their programs to French broadcasting external, which is all the more easy to realize that journalists of France Inter were transferred to the DAEC following May 1968. In 1972 the ORTF loses the Arabic emissions with the profit of WILL SUMMON. The installations of Radio operator Brazzaville to relay the emissions in French, English and Portuguese in short waves are rationalized, there remains nothing any more but Allouis and Issoudun in Metropolis. In Issoudun, one installs in 1973, the first transmitters of 500 kw.

In 1973 the National union of the journalists (SNJ) draws up the assessment of the DAEC in one white paper, the Voice of France, report of a bankruptcy . He denounces the budget, to 60% with load of ORTF, the technical park and the dysfunctions of the DAEC. With the National Assembly the deputies show themselves divided about broadcasting towards outside, but the death of the president Pompidou in 1974 puts a term at the debate. Its successor makes burst the ORTF, but the finance law causes a massive cut in the emissions towards the foreigner: 14 of the 17 draftings of languages are given up, and a hundred journalists on 157 are laid off.

Birth of RFI

The January 6th 1975 is born Radio France international (RFI). It is financed by the royalty, and belongs to the group Radio France since a law of August 1974. The orientation of the station is changed: instead of emitting for whole planet it must from now on concentrate on the Africa, which makes it possible to make economies. Indeed RFI has of 20 transmitters but any relai, which makes its reception difficult. The Southern Chaîne is then created. It emits 17:30 per day towards Africa, of which 16:30 in French and an hour in English. The central drafting is Africanized and reorganized. New emissions are created thanks to the savings made before: Meeting with , Crossroads in 1975, important it is health , future Priorité health , the same year, or Mondial sport always in 1975. 24 hours in Africa and Carrefour are then the principal emissions of RFI. But half of the programs are emissions coming from the other stations of Radio France. The evening there is much music. The listeners are then especially African, much more than French from abroad. The president of Radio France obtains the extension of the emissions in Short waves. The February 16th 1976 is created the Western Chaîne intended for the west coast of North America and the Central America. It emits five hours per days and takes again the programs of France Inter. April 1st 1977 is created the Chaîne Is , intended for the Central and Eastern Europe, which retransmet at its beginnings emissions of France Inter. The March 7th of the same year the Portuguese returns to the antenna with one hour daily intended for the Portugal, which then knows a transition towards the democracy.

The May 10th 1981 the Socialist François Mitterrand is elected president of the republic. In 1981 a coordination committee of the writers of RFI disputes the action of the direction of RFI installed by Valery Giscard d'Estaing. Michele Cotta, new president of Radio France, chooses Herve Bourges to direct the station. The September 28th 1981 a new program timetable is launched. New emissions appear, in particular tropical Canal , the small illustrated coalman . The programs of France Culture and France Inter represent half of the emissions diffused on RFI. February 1st, 1981 a transmitting center is launched to the Gabon with four transmitters of 500KW each one. In January 1982 Herve Bourges settles with the head of RFI. Its goal is to make irreversible the development of the station. It makes adopt a five-year plan by an inter-ministerial committee on March 1st 1982. RFI will have to develop without idea of domination by decolonizing information. The revival of RFI is accelerated by the takeover by force of Jaruzelski in Poland the December 13rd 1981, which makes ressusciter the Polish section of RFI as of the December 17th. A law of the July 29th 1982 makes RFI a national company, subsidiary of Radio France. The September 5th 1982 the Russian is recreated, then the Rumanian on January 1st 1985 and Serbo-Croat at the beginning of 1986. October 1st 1982 RFI opens in the Latin America in French, Spanish and Portuguese. At the beginning of 1985 a Guianese center is open (3 transmitters of 500 kw, in 1984). The share of the emissions of France Inter and France Culture in the programming decreases. The September 29th 1985 RFI starts to emit in Medium waves in Paris region.

In 1986 the legislative elections bring the line to the capacity. The employees of RFI are the targets of the Prime Minister, Jacques Chirac, and of the Minister for the culture, François Léotard. Michel Péricard wants to place RFI directly under the authority of the government and to make name its president in the Council of Ministers. RFI is shown to be a gauchist. This attempt fails, and chair it station from now on will be chosen by the regulatory agency of the media on a list of four candidates designated by the State. The president is irremovable during his mandate.

The revival of the station: 1986 - 1996

A voted the September 30th 1986 and entered law in application on January 1st 1987 makes station an independent company. Henri Tezenas of Montcel becomes the president about it. It wishes that RFI not concentrate only on the Francophonie, and that it opens towards the Asia, the Arab Monde and the Iran. Thus the emissions in Arab, removed in 1974, are restored in March 1988. In July of same year RFI signs an agreement with NHK, the Japanese public diffuser, then with Radio Beijing in November. RFI thus emits in the Asia-Pacific 14 hours per day. In September 1988 the Russian duration of the emissions in is increased, which spends one hour to one hour and quarter by day. Lastly, RFI signs an agreement with Africa n°1 to use a fifth transmitter, located at Moyabi, with the Gabon. Moreover, the preparing of the station is modernized: new logo in blue-white-red, new jingles, abandonment of the Accordion in the code. At the time of the events of the place Tian' anmen RFI emissions in Chinese launches.

In November 1989 André Larquie, which had worked with the Prime Minister Michel Rocard and the Minister for the culture Jack Lang, takes the head of RFI. The December 20th 1989 it signs with the State a contract of objective prepared by its predecessor, and who fixes the development of the station until in 1995. Three axes of development are released: the launching of new languages, reinforcement of the park of transmitters, and the modernization of the mode of diffusion with the appearance of RFI in FM. Five additional newspapers intended for the Asia-Pacific are created. The crisis which strikes the gulf in 1990-1991 modifies the grid of RFI. One week after the invasion of Kuwait by the Iraqi army, the radio diffuses bulletins in Arab after the French newspapers. The August 21st it opens a service of messages in which announcers read the messages intended for the French prisoners by their close relations. The September 30th RFI launches free Quartier , an emission intended for the French soldiers. The hiring of the transmitters of the Gabon is renewed and RFI signs with TDF an agreement of modernization of the transmitters. New languages appear Vietnamese the July 9th 1990, and Persan the March 21st 1991, bound for the Iran, of the Afghanistan and the Tadjikistan. With Persan the station diffuses in 14 languages. The democratization of Africa involves the opening of many radio stations which break the monopoly of RFI in Africa. It decides to react while launching RFI Plus Africa , a morning section 4 hours which wants to be near to African. The September 8th 1991 RFI is diffused in FM for the first time in Africa, with Dakar, the Senegal. The November 14th of the same year it reaches the FM with Paris, during the Sommet of the Francophonie. Finally in February 1992 the emissions in languages of RFI replace the world French service diffused in Medium waves.

At the end of 1992 Larquie is renewed in its functions. Estimating that the contract of objectives of 1989 is accomplished, it launches the another covering period 1994-2000 from there called Horizon 2000. Among its priorities, the good hearing of RFI everywhere in the world, the introduction of new foreign languages and the installation of a world service in English. The April 16th 1993 are launched the Laotian and the Kampuchean one.

In 1995 Jacques Chirac is elected president of the Republic. At the end of November Jean-Paul Cluzel, near to Alain Juppe, itself principal collaborator of the new president, becomes president of RFI. In February 1996 it decides that RFI must become a radio of information uninterrupted with ten minutes of information every half-hour followed by emissions twenty minutes.

A station all-information: 1996 -

The new grid is launched the September 16th 1996. The diffusion is done from now on by several channels:

RFI I: world French service.
RFI II: for the 17 foreign languages.
RFI III: the musical wire.

A new logo, red and white, make its appearance, while RMC the Middle East enters group RFI. The new grid creates the disaffection of part of the African public, which ends up returning. The reformating is then applied to the emissions in languages, but with more flexibility and a different calendar. The Latin-American drafting is the first touched in 1997 with information every two hours. As from April 2001 English for anglophone Africa concentrates as for him over one period located early the morning, very important for this audience. As regards German, RFI collaborates with BBC.

At the end of 1999 RFI launches its digitalization.

The Attentats of September 11th, 2001 involve the provisional upheaval of the programs: RFI transmits information during 24 hours of continuation. In 2004 Antoine Schwartz becomes president of RFI. Schwartz present in 2004 a project of company 2005-2010 which seeks has to reorientate the action of RFI by concentrating the company on 4 languages: English, Arab, Spanish and Chinese, project given up since. Considering that the emissions in the other languages do not carry out that a weak audience, the State considers that RFI must have two targets priority: Africa and the Middle East, like, more secondarily, Eastern Europe and China. It also wishes that the station develop its presence on Internet. Then in 2006 the president of RFI seeks to transform the radio into a multi-media company, like returning it nearer to the public. Moreover, it is committed preserving the languages practiced by RFI. However its employees are anxious about the precarisation of work, the abandonment of the short waves in certain areas and the brittleness of the programs in languages.

Organization

Statute

Radio France international is a public radio financed by the State (Redevance) and by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

Mission

So during a long time RFI was the voice of France, it is not more in the same way currently. In 1987 the station becomes an independent company. The French State preserves however an influence because the president of RFI is named by the Superior council of audio-visual the (SCUMS), whose members are chosen by the president of the republic, the National Assembly and the Senate. Its mission is defined by the law of the August 2nd 2000: to contribute to the diffusion of the French culture near the foreigners and the French expatriates.

Goes down for hearing

RFI is the radio Frenchwoman having the strongest audience. In 2006 it is estimated at 44 million people. The radio is especially listened in Africa with 25,8 million listeners, and the Middle East with 10,5 million listeners. Here the structure of the audience of RFI, in million listeners:

Means

Radio France international has two primary sources of financing: broadcasting royalties, paid by each hearth equipped with a television set, and the subsidy of the French ministry of the foreign affairs. RFI also diffuses a little bit of publicity.

Between 1990 and 1995 the budget of RFI believes of 48,12%, sign of the will of the French State to develop the station.

Between 1996 and 2000 this rise slows down to reach 18,43%.

Starting from 2000 the budget of RFI knows a true stagnation passing of 128,55 million euro in 2002 with 130,21 in 2006.

After having known a strong increase during the Years 1990, the budget of RFI stagnates since 2000-2001 between 128 and 130 million Euro, whereas those of BBC World Service and Voice off America increased, in particular to answer the need for the development of the media in the world since the attacks of September 11th, 2001. In 2006, the budget of RFI rose to 130,21 million euros, against 175,5 (260,5 million pounds sterling) for BBC World Service. It should lower in 2007 and reach 128 million euros (83,9 billion francs CFA XOF or 84,3 billion francs CFA XAF), following the reduction of 2 million euros of the contribution of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

Diffusion

RFI uses several means to transmit its programs: Short waves, Medium waves, FM, satellite, Internet and taken again by other radios. The zones considered as priority are the Africa and the the Middle East. Eastern Europe and the China constitute also priorities, but less. RFI less and less uses the short waves with the profit of the satellite, FM, Internet and the resumption of its emissions by other stations. The station uses three channels:

RFI World, all in French.
RFI II: for the foreign languages.
RFI Music: diffuse music.

Short waves

The Short waves make it possible to diffuse programs on large geographical surfaces. It is the traditional means of diffusion of the stations with international vocation. They have the advantage of touching the most moved back zones. Nevertheless they are expensive the station, because it is bound by a contract of long life with TDF signed at the time or the short waves were the only means of diffusion towards outside. RFI rents 13 transmitters with short waves with revolving antennas of 500 KW, located at Issoudun (Metropolitan France) and Montsinéry (French Guiana). Moreover it rents eight other antennas located abroad, plus two that it divides with other stations. With this means of diffusion RFI covers most of planet: Africa, Europe, Americas and Asia. The Asia-Pacific zone is not concerned. However it less and less uses this means of diffusion which is expensive to him and which is not adapted to certain public, in particular in Europe and in Americas. Thus in 1999 40% of the transmitters in short waves of RFI were closed.

Medium waves

RFI uses the Medium waves little. It rents two transmitters of medium waves in Moscow and Saint-Pétersbourg, and divides of them two with China with Kunming and Haïnan. The medium waves serve the Muscovite area, Saint-Pétersbourg, and the Vietnam, as well as the Île-de-France.

FM

Since the beginning of the Années 1990 RFI develops its diffusion in Frequency modulation, which offers an excellent quality of reception. The zone best covered is Africa, in particular West Africa and Madagascar. Thus the station perhaps received in frequency modulation with Nouakchott, Freetown, Dakar, Bamako or Johannesburg. RFI is also received by this means in Europe, in particular with Paris, Barcelona, Lisbon, or Prague. This diffusion is done in particular by its subsidiary companies, like RFI Romania in Romania. The Latin America is less better covered because the band FM is saturated there, but one finds there relays with Buenos Aires, La Paz, or Port-au-Prince. The cover of Asia is reduced, with frequencies with Kabul and in Kampuchea. In the same way for Oceania with Suva and Port-Villa. North America is not covered at all by FM RFI.

The satellite

RFI rents the services of 28 satellites. This means makes it possible to cover all planet.

Internet

RFI has an Internet site, like its subsidiary companies. That makes it possible to touch a great part of the world while spending little of money.

The recovery by other stations

The programs of the world radio are also diffused on the waves of other radio stations. The emissions of RFI are included in Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Oceania. It is in particular the case in Latin America or the band FM is saturated.

Personnel

In 2006, Radio France international asserts approximately 1000 collaborators, including 400 journalists and 350 collaborators out of metropolis.

The president of RFI

Since 1986 the president of Radio France international is named by the Superior council of audio-visual the, organization of regulation of audio-visual French.

It is the only president of the companies of the audio-visual public whose SCUMS are not free to name the person of its choice. The law of 1986 fact obligation to SCUMS to choose the president of RFI among the people named under the government.

Languages of diffusion of RFI

RFI is diffused in the following languages (in 2005):

Currently RFI diffuses 418 hours of programs including 188 in French and 230 in other languages. The diffusion in Arabic and Bulgarian is done by subsidiary companies.

Subsidiary companies

In addition to its own activity, RFI manages several subsidiary companies integrated into Group RFI:

Monte Carlo Doualiya (in the past RMC - the Middle East ): station Arabic-speaking person which emits permanently in direction of the Arab world. 10 million listeners.
Rádio Europa Lisboa : created in 2006, it emits daily in Lisbon 10 hours of programs in Portuguese and 14 others in French.
RFI Bulgaria : emits permanently including 12 hours per day into Bulgarian.
RFI Romania : emits permanently for Romania.

RFI Deutschland : diffuse each day anglophone 16:30 of programs, 5:30 in French and 2 hours in German bound for Germany.
RFI Navy : diffusing for the first time on June 1st, 2005, RFI Marine proposes in particular weather reports.

Programming

The current grid of RFI is composed of newspapers of 10 minutes information beginning every half-hour. Between them magazines are intercalated. The whole gives programming strongly turned towards the international one, and more particularly towards the French-speaking Africa.

Some current emissions:

In French:

Files of Africa : 2 times 20 minutes devoted to the history of contemporary Africa, made comments and sound archives.
African Debate : weekly magazine of twice twenty minutes of debate on the African companies.
Great Report : emission of investigation twenty minutes diffused of the Monday to Thursday. Some emissions: the reprocessing of waste of Abidjan (January 30th, 2007), Serbia: the weight of the war criminals (February 1st, 2007).
Orient presses : 20 minutes weekly of debate on North Africa and the Middle East.
tropical Colors : 2 times 20 minutes daily dedicated to the African music.
Memory of a continent : 20 minutes weekly on the history of the Africa: old metallurgy of West Africa. (January 6th, 2007), Birth of a religion: association Louzolo Love OPH in Congo Brazzaville. (January 27th, 2007).
Queens of Africa : 2 times twenty minutes daily with for subject life of the women in Africa: does the marriage make happy? (January 29th, 2007), official and semi-official Polygamy (January 31st, 2007).
Sunday economy : 20 minutes weekly of reports on the economy: the trade unions in Taiwan (January 21st, 2007), will maquiladoras Them (January 14th, 2007).
Media of Africa : daily program of 2 times 20 minutes: international topicality seen by the African press. Some topics approached: the televised series , the police force in Africa .
the epopee of the negro musics : 20 minutes each week dedicated to the history of the negro music.
Priority health : each day, 20 minutes about the health issues in the world. In the past named important it is health .
World sports : 2 times 20 minutes weekly on the world sport. This emission was created in 1975.
Calls on the topicality : 2 times 20 minutes daily on the topicality in Africa. It is for the moment the emission with the most rate of audience. (2007)

In Spanish:

Semana Latino America : twice twenty minutes per week of analysis of the topicality.
Cuestiones of hoy : emission devoted to the contemporary company.

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