Política de Grenada

See also: Laval

Laval is a common French, located in the department of the Mayenne and the area Pays of the Loire, with a few kilometers of the doors of the Brittany.

Its inhabitants is called the Residents of Laval.

Chief town of department, with the doors of the Brittany, the meeting of the Normandy and the Anjou, the city obtained the label town of Art and History because of its very rich inheritance.

The word Laval is a Palindrome.

Currency

Eadem will mensura

Geography

Laval is located on the Mayenne. It is in the middle of an urban surface of approximately 100  000 inhabitants.

History

The site of the current city of Laval, in the valley of Mayenne, is halfway cities older than are Mans and Rennes. It is made by it mention in the writings of Lucain at the time of Jules César, and a Roman Voie crosses the river by a ford to the foot of the rocky outcrop where the castle will rise later.

For as much even if archaeological research attests an old occupation of the places, nothing confirms the tradition of an initial castle that the Normand S would have destroyed. Walla, Minister and one of the principal advisers of Lothaire in revolt against his/her father Louis the Piles (778 - 840) emperor of Occident, would have had, here, a field, " a villa " , having been used as a basis back for the allied troops of the rebellious prince.

A genealogy, undoubtedly hazardous, also makes go up the first lord with a " Guy " having lived at the beginning of the 9th century and which would have succeeded of other guards of the places.

Feudality

The lords of Laval have a dynasty present in the French history.

See also: Family of Laval

See also: List of the lords of Laval

The city of Laval is evoked as of the 11th century. The charter of Hugues, count of Maine, which is the first document relating to Laval, is mentioned by the Père Anselme: Hugues, wire of Hugues, write it, subscribed to the charter by which the count, his father, gave about the year the 1000 villages and seigniories of Laval and Coudray, with two lords called Hugues, father and wire, and in another named Ingelbault . In margin is the note: Cartulaire de Marmoutier concerning the priory of Laval . There thus existed with the chartrier of Marmoutier, in the middle of the 18th century, a cartulaire of the priory of Saint Martin's day of Laval, in which the mainferme given to Ingelbaut was transcribed.

Hubert Eveillechien succeeded only in 1015 his/her father. The infeodation of Laval with Guy Ier of Laval is not former to this date. The castle was supplemented at the 12th century by walls; vestiges remain.

It is in June 1231 that Saint Louis passed to Laval. There are also indications of other possible passages in the county in 1241.

the Bridges of Laval, known as of Mayenne belonged to the lord of Mayenne. This assertion of Rene de Quatrebarbes is confirmed. The lord of Laval put an end to finally this anomaly by acquiring Foulques de Mathefelon, the August 12th 1264, which it had in the parish of Holy-Melaine. Since Guy VIII had had war with the lord of Mayenne about the Bridge of Mayenne, the different one undoubtedly related to the feudality of the places or the rights yielded by Foulques de Mathefelon which the baron de Mayenne will have wanted to reserve.

The Comté of Laval had the characteristic to belong to Brittany and the Province of Maine. Detached from the line of Montmorency, the family of Laval sat at the States of Brittany. The “old street” was during a few centuries one of the principal doors of Brittany.

At the 12th century, a brotherhood appears in the organization of the reception to the pilgrims. She east generally creates by former pilgrims, with an aim of maintaining the devotion with Saint Jacques. Most important of the time are those of Paris, Lyon, Rheims, Bordeaux, Toulouse (two), Valencian, Senlis, Laval, Poitiers, Châlons-sur-Marne (cf the article Pèlerin of Saint-Jacques-of-Compostelle).

15th century

The One hundred year old War

Taken by the English in 1428, the city was released the following year. With leaving the pangs of the War One hundred Year old which afflicted Maine of 1417 with 1449, the city was concerned its ruins quickly. The development was such as it had soon, for its safety, to be locked up in a strengthened enclosure. As from this time, the Maisons with wood sides are partly rebuilt and clearings. The vernacular Architecture counts half-timbered houses whose walls consist of a frame of beams out of wooden, verticals or obliques, the filling being made light bricks or materials. The stages advance on the frontage, forming a corbelling in stairs.

Jeanne of Laval and the Rene Ier of Anjou

In 1454 Rene Ier duke of Anjou, called the King Rene (v. 1408 - v. 1480) remarie with Jeanne of Laval, following the death of its first marries the previous year, Isabelle 1st of Lorraine.

The marriage contract was drawn up on September 3rd, 1454, and the marriage celebrated the 10 of the same month, with the abbey of Saint-Nicolas-in Angers. The king and the queen made their entry with Angers the 12. Jeanne of Laval, which was soft and affectionate, seems to be very loved by her husband (who was 24 years old more than it). After having lived 3 years in the manors of the surroundings of Angers and Saumur, the king and the queen lived in Provence of 1457 to 1462, in Anjou of 1462 with 1469.
Jeanne of Laval resided a long time at Saumur, it there dies in 1498 and was buried, without monument, in the cathedral of Angers.

Wars of religion

Henri IV sign still in Laval the December 19th 1589, a safeguard for Jeanne Vavasseur, widow of Jean de Vassé.

See also: Battle of Craon

See also: Battle of the Port-Ringeard

An epidemic reigned in Laval, paralyzing the trade of 1606 with 1609.

The industry of the fabric

Béatrix de Gavre, wife of Guy IX of Laval, Count de Laval made come from the Flandres of the workmen tisserands whom it fixed at Laval. Those introduced or improved the technique of the weaving of the fabric. She learned how to the inhabitants to cultivate and work the flax which grew spontaneously in the area. Laval was not long in competing with the most commercial cities. Its fame was made famous soon by the quality of its fabrics. The marshes which surrounded the city yielded the place to this new industry. To place working and commercial, of large suburbs built themselves. The edges of Mayenne covered laundries. Textile art represented already the principal activity of the local economy.

The fabric of bleached flax on the vast meadows of the edges of Mayenne - whose trade was done to Americas - brought richness and prosperity to the city until the 18th century. The Spain then constitutes the most important market for the Laval-native fabrics. Twice a year, a fleet colossal, charged at the same time to supply the colonists and to bring back money and colonial produces, makes the voyage of Cadiz (which has the monopoly of the trade with the Colonies of America until in 1765) to Carthagène, Oporto-Bello and Vera Cruz. Many French traders, residents of Laval, installed in particular with the four corners of the Spain, buy and dispatch fabrics towards Cadiz and the News-Spain. They buy in return products of the Brésil and the Antilles, which come to feed the Spanish and French markets.

See also: Pierre Duchemin of the Hillock, Pierre Nicolais

Navigation and trade

At the 16th century and especially at the 17th century, Residents of Laval undertook distances voyages. During months, even of the years, they faced the seas which then constituted a perilous obstacle between the continents. The Abbé Angot has by some extracts of correspondence, the relations and associations of interest which existed, from the commercial point of view, between the Laval-native traders and the ship-owners inhabitant of Saint Malo S. By means of fragile constructions that the least storm could deliver to the dangers sea, they with were discovered countries ignored to enter in commercial relations with their inhabitants.

Thus, in 1601, the “ Company of the merchants of Saint-Malo, Laval and Vitré ” arms two ships, the Corbin and the Growing which makes a long stopover in bay of Saint-Augustin to Madagascar. (see relation of François Pyrard on its account of the voyages).

The efforts tried by the Residents of Laval to find outlets with local industry, were not limited to operations where the money and the goods alone ran risks. Often they left themselves for the colonies, or sent their children to it, without fearing neither the English corsairs, nor the more frightening dangers of fatal climates. The ones succeeded, the others, more perhaps, failed in their companies, fault of helps or quickly carried by the fever. One can quote Daniel Hirbec also undertook a remote forwarding about the middle of the 17th century, or Pierre-Marie Perier of Bizardière at the 18th century.

The retable

At the beginning of the 17th century, is born a new element from interior decoration of church: the Retable of micaceous chalk and marble. The Corbineau retable, of the name of the architect who defined this style, will make the fame of the Laval-native architects in all the West of France.

Chouannery

See also: Chouannerie

19th century

In 1819, a business makes great noise in Laval, that of the business of the “torturer assassin”.

In 1855, the diocese of Mans is divided into two shares and gives rise to the diocese of Laval. By this act of the Saint Sits and of the emperor Napoleon III, Laval becomes episcopal city. The same year one inaugurates in Laval Banque de France.

In 1857 is inaugurated the Railroad of Rennes with the opening of the section from Laval to Rennes, with this comment dated from the May 9th 1857 in the Illustration : “It is of Laval that the first train left at high speed, of which the passage, in this traditional region of the superstition and holy ignorance, will introduce the uses and the practices which must make soon return the Brittany in the concert of our civilization. ”

In the Cathedral of Laval, on the lying one of the bishop Louis Bougaud (1888), one can read the inscription:

  • HEIC IN PACE QVIE SCIT

  • LUDOVICVS BOVGAVD EPISCOPUS VALLEGVIDONENSIS DECESSIT VII IDVS NOVEMB YEAR MDCCCLXXXVIII (1888)
  • ANNOS NATVS LXV.M.V.III.D.VII
  • VIVAS IN DEO

Administration

Mayors of Laval

  • See: List of the mayors of Laval (Mayenne)

Laval is chief town of five cantons:

Demography

Economy

Laval is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Mayenne.

Districts

  • Avesnières

  • the Bourny
  • the Center town
  • the Dacterie
  • the Spine
  • the Forks
  • Grenoux
  • the Ford of Orger
  • Hilard
  • the Pavement
  • the Apple orchards
  • Thévalles
  • Saint-Melaine: sit of the old parish of left bank dedicated to a bishop of Rennes
  • Saint Nicolas's Day

Famous characters

Tourist monuments and places

  • Castle of Laval of the Feudal type (turn and building)

  • significant Vestiges of the Wall S and a main door.
  • the Door Beucheresse

  • the Markets with the fabrics , building of great dimension raised by a count of Trémoïlle, at the 18th century will be transformed at the 19th century into Galeries of Industry where are held of the industrial exposures, artistic and agricultural. Its galleries are destroyed in the years 1970 and are replaced by the Versatile room .

  • Boats “Laundrette”.
  • House with Half-timbering S
  • Park of Perrine
  • Town hall , built in 1826, containing a gallery of tables and sculpture
  • Prefecture established in an old Dominican convent of S
  • War memorial the , conceived by the architect Hyacinthe Perrin and the sculptor Albert Le Bourget, inaugurated in 1923.

; Bridges:

  • Pont-Neuf , comprises Arche S with flattened clotheshangers, begun in 1812, located upstream and close to the Old man-Bridge
  • Old man-Bridge , date of the Moyen-âge

; Museums:

  • Museum of Sciences

; Religious monuments: Laval counts 48 niches including 38 occupied by religious or laic figures. These figurines were to fight against the bad fate, the fire of the houses, the disease or were intended for the prayer.

Schools

Colleges

  • College Ambroise Paré
  • College Douanier Rousseau
  • Private College of Avesnières
  • College Réaumur
  • College Robert Buron
  • College High Follis
  • Vocational school of the trades of the building Gaston Lesnard * College Immaculate Conception

Establishments of higher education

Schools of engineer

Twinnings

Sports

Municipalities bordering

See too

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