Plow - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Elements of the share plow

The current share plow is manufactured out of steel and made up of a frame which includes/understands the parts of connection and the system of attachment and of one or more body of ploughing which gathers the working parts.

the frame is consisted old, the horizontal longitudinal part which supports the other parts, of which props, fixed perpendicular to the old one and at which are fixed the working parts. It also includes/understands the front-axle unit which was in the beginning a small carriage and which is often limited to our time with the system of attachment (case of the plow carried) like possibly of the wheels of support, being used with transport or the adjustment height as work (Jauge), and the security system. In the case of the plow multi-plowshares, it could have there several old connected by spacers.
the body of ploughing is composed of the plowshare, is prolonged mould board, and coulter. It can be supplemented by a rasette, kind of body of ploughing in reduction, which is used to turn over in the preceding furrow a surface strip of land as well as the manure or the residues of culture.

the coulter, placed in front of the plowshare, has as a function to cut out the strip of land vertically. It is fixed on the old one by means of a prop. It is generally a right blade, but there exist also circular coulters in the shape of disc slicing, more adapted to the ploughings of meadow. In certain cases the coulter is replaced by an aileron fixed directly on the plowshare
the Soc, made out of treated steel, is a trapezoidal part of which the longest side has a sharp edge which horizontally cuts the ground at the bottom of the line. It can be equipped with a point or sail needle.
the mould board, fixed in the prolongation of the plowshare has as a function to raise and turn over the strip of land. It is a curved blade subjected to an important wear, generally made out of steel plywood. There exist several shapes of mould board: helicoid, cylindrical or mixed helicopter-cylindrical. There exist also mould boards with open-type screen for heavy grounds.

Plowshare and mould board are fixed jointly on a horizontal part, the sep, itself fixed on the prop. the sep can be equipped with a landside, part wearing rubbing against the wall. At the end of the sep of the last body of ploughing, the heel is whose adjustment makes it possible to maintain the horizontality of the frame of the plow.

Evolution of the plow

The essential components of a plow are about the same ones as those of the Araire: old , sep and will mancherons . But the addition of other parts involves important modifications: it is initially the front-axle unit , provided with wheels of often unequal size to make it possible the plow to keep its stability at the time of the Labor (a Roue passes on the guéret, part of the not yet worked ground, the other in the line previously traced). Another new element compared to the swing-plow, the coulter , blade of iron intended to cut out the lump of earth, which will be then raised by the plowshare and will be reversed by the mould board. The plow, much heavier than the swing-plow, requires the presence of two will mancherons to ensure the best led by the plowman. The old becomes a very long axis on which all the working parts are fixed. Plowshare and mould board are in the prolongation one of the other, forming makes of it only one part connected to old by the props and located on the side of this one (let us not forget that the principle of the ploughing to the plow rests on dissymmetry).

Primitive plow

In its primitive form, the plow is adapted perfectly to the ploughing in balks and its most frequent alternative, the ploughing in boards. The principle of this ploughing is simple: once the plow finished its first line and that it carries out the way in opposite direction, the mould board, which is directed towards the ground furrow raised by the first passage, again rejects the ground on this one. This type of ploughing is excellent in the wet grounds, of which it facilitates the flow. On the other hand, it is hardly necessary as a Mediterranean country where one prefers the ploughing flat to him: with each passage, one modifies the orientation of the plowshare and the mould board in order to always reverse the ground in the same direction. If it were easy to modify the slope of a swing-plow, provided with two symmetrical ears to the axis, the thing complicates with a plow. But very quickly were born from the instruments of the turn-wrest type which made it possible to simplify the task of the plowman: the ear is there a mobile mould board, which one alternatively fixes on a side and other of old each time the plow arrives at the end of the line.

Turn-about plow

From improvement in improvement, and always to facilitate the ploughing flat, one was going to arrive at the reversible brabant plow. The instrument is composed of two superimposed bodies of plow that the farmer, using a handle, makes swivel of 180° or 90° (case of the turnwrest plow says 1/4 of turn) around the axis when it arrives at the end of the lines. One thus finds oneself with two coulters, two plowshares and two mould boards, to which one even added two rasettes placed in front of the coulters, which make it possible to clean the ground before its reversal (the rasette, formed of a small plowshare and a small mould board, allows to turn over grass to the place where the coulter will pass). The automatic front-axle unit with regulator involves the suppression of will mancherons, generally reduced with simple handles.

Specialized plow

Parallèlement developed other types of plow, adapted to specific work (ploughings between the trees or the stocks of vine). These plow are generally assembled on a support with a wheel, with will mancherons dissymmetrical to be able to pass along the trees (a mancheron is placed in the prolongation of old). They are not very stable, and claim much experiment on behalf of their users, of which some had found the easy way to fix an iron small plank on a side of old in order to making counterweight with the plowshare

In this field, progress came from the Viticulture, with the invention of the “universal hoeing-machine” Plissonnier, whose frame allows all the transformations: one can adapt a body of ridge-plow in particular to it, turn-wrest, from bisoc, from tears off potatoes, of ratisseuse, which makes it possible to the small holder to get tools complete with few expenses.

Note finally last revolution, that caused by appearance of plow multisocs, with image of Canadian which, often on a frame of harrow, is composed of a whole of small plowshares of variable number assembled on teeth flexible or semi-rigid, which are used to loosen the ground on the surface or to break the mounds, and whose only one passage can replace several comings and goings of the swing-plow. This last invention, followed development of the mechanized farming, was going to complete to put at the rancart the antiques ploughing implements, of which the swing-plow, which had known however to be maintained for decades vis-a-vis the projections of progress.

See also: Disk plow

See too

External bonds

Guide of manufacture of a plow with animal haulage - Document with the format pdf

Random links:

Seyssins | Code of Golay | Malaury Martin | Royals of Kansas City | Julien Dubois