Plays paralympic

The paralympic Jeux bring together athletes Handicap are of all countries for tests Handisport S.Y take part of the physical or visual handicapped athletes (amputees, blind men, physically handicapped people, cerebral or in wheel chair, or any other handicap).

They are organized by the International committee Paralympique (and not by the International Olympic committee) and take place every 4 years following the Olympic Games.

History

The handisport is rather recent and was created by the neurosurgeon Ludwig Guttmann for the rehabilitation of the handicapped people. Ludwig Guttmann was the director of the hospital close to London which looked after veterans of the 2nd World war become paraplegic. For their rehabilitation, sporting plays were organized between them. The handisport was quickly an activity of leisure then little time after a competition.

The first edition of the Plays paralympic took place in Rome in 1960.Et the first edition of the Plays paralympic of winter took place in Sweden in 1976. With the participation of blind athletes or amputees it was a great success.

The people reached of cerebral paralysis take part in the Plays paralympic starting from the Plays of Arnhem, in 1980.

Since the Plays paralympic of summer of Seoul in 1988, the Olympic Games and the Plays paralympic are organized in the same city.

Objectives and symbols

Etymology

In the beginning, the name “paralympic” was a combination of “paraplegic” and “Olympic”. With the participation of athletes with various handicaps, the term “paralympic” is defined today like the meeting of “para”, Greek prefix of origin meaning “beside” or “parallel” and of the “lympic” termination of the Olympic Games. The Plays paralympic are thus regarded as interdependent of the Olympic Games.

Objective

The objective of the Movement paralympic is to give the opportunity to the athletes having a physical handicap to exceed and carry out athletic performances comparable with those of the Olympic athletes.

Rules

The Plays paralympic gather physical or visual handicapped athletes belonging to the following categories: tetraplegic and paraplegic, neurological after-effects assimilable, amputees and comparable, physically handicapped person cerebral, large handicapped people (electric myopathes, armchairs), blind men and partially-sighted persons. For the Sourd S are organized the Olympic Games of the paralympic deaf persons with share of the Plays. Since 2004, the mentally handicapped persons are excluded from the Plays paralympic to which they took share since 1996, for problems of classification of handicap. The mentally handicapped persons can however take part in the special Olympic Games.

So that the competition is equitable, the athletes are gathered by categories according to their handicap. The objective is to make contribute together athletes having comparable functional aptitudes. In each Handisport, one defines categories. Thus in athletics, there are tests of race for the blind men, the partially-sighted persons, the amputees who run with a prosthesis and races in wheel chair.

Symbols

The Plays paralympic take again the majority of the Olympic symbols: fence and opening ceremonies, the Olympic flame, the mascots…

The logo paralympic is composed of three reasons for Korean origin, of the “Tae-Geuks”, resembling commas leaning on a white zone. One of the symbols is green, second is red and last blue, these colors being most current on the flags. They represent the spirit, the body and the heart, which are the three components of the human being. The paralympic currency is “the spirit, the body, the heart”.

Plays paralympic of summer

List Plays paralympic of summer

The plays of Stoke Mandeville of 1952 are reproduced on the list of the old plays paralympic of summer given by the Paralympique International committee but they at the time were not called thus.

Sports paralympic of summer

Athletics
Oar
Boccia (sport resembling the balls, practiced with leather balls by motor disabilities)
Basketball in wheel chair
Cycling
Horsemanship
Fencing in wheel chair
Football to 5 (practiced by athletes partially-sighted persons or blind men)
Football to 7 (practiced by handicapped athletes engine)
Goal-ball (sport of balloon practiced by athletes partially-sighted persons or blind men with a sound balloon)
Haltérophilie
Judo (practiced by athletes partially-sighted persons or blind men)
Swimming
Rugby in wheel chair
Tennis in wheel chair
Table tennis
Shooting with the arc
sporting Shooting
Veil
sitted Volley ball (practiced by handicapped athletes engine)

Plays paralympic of winter

List Plays paralympic of winter

Sports paralympic of winter

Alpine skiing
Cross-country skiing (ski touring and biathlon)
Hockey on toboggan
Curling

Classification IPC of the athletes

Classification International Paralympique Comittee for the winter sports indicates the classification of the athletes according to their handicap for the disciplines of winter sport and in particular for the paralympic Jeux of winter.

The athletes are classified by category of assimilable handicaps and according to the technical materials used. The classes B concern the visual handicapped people ( Blinds ). The classes LW ( Locomotion Winter ) motor disabilities, upright: LW1 with LW9 or sitted: LW10 with LW12.

The skiers sitted can carry out functional tests. The objective is to define the membership in the one of three classes LW10, LW11 or LW12. For class LW12 also to classify the athletes in subclasses LW12/1 and LW12/2.

See too

Calculation of the paralympic medals to the Plays of winter 1976
Calculation of the paralympic medals to the Plays of winter 1984
Calculation of the paralympic medals to the paralympic Plays of winter 1988
Plays of summer 2004 of the 17 to the September 28th with Athens

External bond

International Paralympic Committee

Simple: Paralympic Ranges

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