Pittsburgh , city of the the United States located at the west of the State of Pennsylvania, was a long time a high place of the world Sidérurgie and railroads. In 2005, it comprised: 316718 inhabitants, and agglomeration: 2478883 inhabitants.

History

The first installations of European colonists were French fortifications and establishments of trade. During the War Seven Year old (1754 - 1763), the Britanniques took the Fort Duquesne , which was located at the confluence of the rivers Monongahela and Allegheny, a place of Pittsburgh known under the name of The Point . The British built a more important fort there and called it Fort Pitt in the honor of the British statesman William Pitt. At the beginning of the 19th century, Pittsburgh made important industrial great strides, thanks to the proximity of mines of coal and with its site privileged like commercial crossroads. The production of Acier was flourishing there during many years and the nickname of Ville of steel brought to him. The two rivers Monongahela and Allegheny converge to form the Ohio, which joined the river the Mississippi to throw itself finally in the Gulf of Mexico. This geographical advantage also made of Pittsburgh an important crossroads during the construction of the Railroad. Million Européens flowed and settled in the vicinity, until the beginning of the 20th century, in the search of an employment in the mines, the steel-works, the railroads and many other industries.

The July 21st 1877, one day after the bloody riot of Baltimore where nine workers of the railroads had been killed by the militia of the Maryland, the workmen of Pittsburgh started a strike of support which was also repressed by the militia of the State, and degenerated into generalized riot.

In 1960, Pittsburgh became the last city in the world to be fed in electricity produced by the nuclear energy (central of Shippingport).

With the recession of the Years 1970 and competes with it countries with cheap labor, the majority of the steel-works had to close. By effect of contagion, all the regional economic activity was touched, and many other mines and factories also closed their doors. The municipality required efforts on behalf of the factories atmospheric pollution revitalization of the center town. This period was marked by a major turning for Pittsburgh, which gave up its image of city dirty and smoked out to move massively towards high technology and the services. It is besides at that time that was built the Gratte-ciel U.S. Steel Tower , was known to have only three frontages, and the futuristic unit PPG Plaza . Nevertheless, Pittsburgh lost its intramural population much, passing of more than: 676000 inhabitants in 1950 with: 334000 in 2000.

Geography

The city has a surface of 151 km ², including 7,2 km ² of rivers.
Pittsburgh is located at the center of several valleys, and the residential zones extend on slopes which are often inaccessible conveys some during the winter. Pittsburgh has thus the reputation to be the city escarpée of the United States, just behind San Francisco. It also has “ incline ”, kinds of trams tractor drawn by cables, with the image of the “ cable bus ” of its counterpart California. The road access to the city required the digging of several tunnels.

Climate

The climate of Pittsburgh has characteristics at the same time Mediterranean Climat but also of the continental Climat, this because of the Topographie of the city and the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. Thus, for example, the climate of Pittsburgh includes/understands the broad temperature variations very distinct, suitable for the continental climate, whereas compared to other cities located at same the Latitude, the winters are softer and the less hot summers.

Pittsburgh is one of the ten cities cloudiest of the the United States, with an average of almost 200 days cloudy per annum. According to the Classification of Köppen, Pittsburgh is located in the category Dfa , category of the wet continental climate.

Temperature

In Pittsburgh, the hottest month is the same one as in major the part of the northern Hemisphere, namely the month of July. The recorded average maximum is of 29 °C (85 °F), with temperatures of night can go down on average until 16°C (62°F). July in Pittsburgh is often a wet month what often generates a fort Facteur humidex.

The coldest month of the city is January with extrémums about 3°C in day and -7°C during the night. The influence of the Atlantic Ocean is highlighted by the comparison with the average of cheap of Chicago, with less than 180 km to north and 640 km in the west. For the town of Chicago, the average is then 3°C lower in January.

The strongest temperature was recorded the July 16th 1988 with a temperature of 39°C tale -30°C the January 19th 1994.

Precipitations

The most important Précipitation S are recorded in the months of May, because of frequent Orage S and depression located on the east coast of the United States. Thus, on average a hundred Millimètre of water falls in May on the town of Pittsburgh.

On the other hand, the driest month is February, period when the majority of precipitations are done in the form of molten Neige. Despite everything, about sixty millimetre of precipitations recorded is a rather high average compared to other cities located more inside the grounds.

Demography

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According to the Census of the United States of 2000: 334563 people lived in Pittsburgh of which: 143739 households and: 74169 families with: 2358695 people in the urban Surface. The racial composition defined by the office of the census is the following one:

  • 67,3% for the American white,
  • 27,12% for the Afro-American S,
  • 2,75% for the Asio-American S,
  • 1,32% for the Latino S.

The Middle Age of the inhabitants of noted Pittsburgh is 36 years and for 100 old Femme S of minimum 18 years, it was counted 87,8 Homme S. the average revenue of the population by hearth is of: 28588 dollars with 20,4% of the population living under the Poverty line. In spite of this very high rate, Pittsburgh low has the rate of criminality of the cities of the same size.

Local dialect

The inhabitants of the city speak a Dialecte called the “Pittsburgh English” or the “Pittsburghese” . This dialect is derived from the American English with Irish influences, Germanic or of Central Europe and Europe of the East. On certain points the dialect approaches those used in the close areas (Érié or Baltimore for example) but it is characterized all the same by its chopped side, typical of the areas of the east of Europe. The lexicon employs even certain words directly resulting from the vocabulary of the Slavic languages , like Pierogi or Halušky.

Economy

The economic crisis touched Pittsburgh with the beginning of the year 1980: it resulted in a strong increase in the unemployment rate which passed from 6% in 1979 to 15% in 1983. Heavy industries closed and disindustrialization pushed a great number of inhabitants to leave the city.

Vis-a-vis this situation of economic, demographic and social decline, the municipality and Allegheny Conference, a deprived organization with nonlucrative goal, engaged of the projects and the reforms. Thus, the program Renaissance II allowed the reconversion of Pittsburgh: offices and new means of transport revitalized the downtown area, the university developed and of the thousands of uses of service were created in the fields of research, education, the health and the advanced technology industries. A policy of attraction of the investors involved the establishment of the Japanese company Sony.

Life with Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh has an extremely low rate of criminality compared to the American cities of comparable size. These figures are to however look with prudence, because certain suburbs are on the other hand very dangerous.

The city is a stronghold of the democratic party , with a population largely syndicated Catholique and .

At the cultural level, the city profited at the 19th century from the patronage from industrial rich person, like Andrew Carnegie. Pittsburgh has a true cultural and artistic richness now. Pittsburgh also has remarkable a symphony orchestra, formerly directed by Fritz Reiner, Lorin Maazel and Mariss Jansons in particular. The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra is famous in the whole world. It has and occurs in the Heinz Hall, which accommodates many other demonstrations. Pittsburgh has a large museum devoted to Andy Warhol, originating in the city, and Carnegie Museum off Art shelters sumptuous collections of painting (Edgar Degas, Vincent van Gogh, Claude Monet). It there also much of other, sculpture, modern collection art galleries of films and video, an artistic school which has cinemas of art and test.

For the entertainments, one can announce the proximity of the amusement park Kennywood Park, famous for his roller coaster historical, of which some date from the beginning of the 20th century.

Pittsburgh is also an important university center, in particular in the Informatique (University Carnegie Mellon), and especially in the medical research (AIDS, Cancer, transplantation of bodies). Prestigious the Université of Pittsburgh is a public corporation of selective State but. The city has one of the most famous hospitals in the world ( University off Pittsburgh Medical Center , UPMC ).

The sport with Pittsburgh

The sport with Pittsburgh is present since a great number of years, as well with regard to the professional sport as the university championships.

Professional sports

As of 1882, the Pirates are born at the same time as the American Ligue from Baseball. The team was called the Alleghenies then the Innocents before taking in 1891, following a doubtful transfer, the name of the Pirates. They gain in 1901 their first title of the National league which they joined in 1887; they thereafter will gain two titles moreover after. In 1903, at the time of the first edition of the World Series , the team loses against the Boston Pilgrims but they will gain the title in 1909. The team always exists in 2007 and plays in the PNC Park .

In 1925, the first professional frankness from hockey makes its beginnings in the room of the Duquesne Gardens and takes the same name as the team of baseball the Pirates. The team makes following the Yellow Jackets , team of the American league US Amateur Hockey Association , which financially are in difficulty. This first professional team of hockey then integrates famous the National league of hockey. In 1930, finances do not follow any more and the frankness moves to join Philadelphia for only one season. Normally, the team would have to return once a news built skating rink, but finally on May 5th, 1936, the owners give up the idea to give in activity the team.

Meanwhile, in 1933, a team of American football makes its beginnings in the National Football League under the same name as the two other professional teams: pirates. 1939 should be waited until to see the team taking her current name of the Steelers. The team gained in 2006, the Super Bowl with five recoveries, a record for a football team American, fellow-prisoner by the Cowboys of Dallas and the 49ers of San Francisco. The team plays all her matches in the stage of the Heinz Field but played in the past in the Three Rivers Stadium .

Following the end of the team of the LNH of the Pirates, a new professional team of hockey is born but this time to play in the American Ligue of hockey: the Hornets. These Hornets will play their first matches in Duquesne Gardens before making a pause in their activity in 1956 (five years pause) the time of the construction of the Pittsburgh Civic Arena. Hornets play twenty-six seasons with three on the whole Coupes Calder with their prize list, of which the last at the time of their last season in 1967.

Indeed, in 1967, the LNH decides to open its championship and the Coupe Stanley with six new teams. The town of Pittsburgh belongs to the cities selected and thus takes part in the fishing out of expansion of the LNH in 1967 in exchange of a sum of 2 million Dollars. The name of the new team is determined by a contest: the name selected refers to the skating rink of the Civic Arena, called “the igloo”: the Penguins. It is necessary to await the season 1990-91 and a team carried out by Mario Lemieux to see the first Coupe Stanley being gained by the city. The following season, the team carries out the doublet. Since, the team always plays her matches in the same skating rink even if the latter is increasingly decayed and that a project of a new room is envisaged.

The January 30th 1980, Penguins cover shirts Or and Noir for the first time of their history. The colors were adopted in order to standardize the behaviors of the various sporting teams of Pittsburgh and in order to try to attract more fans of the “city of the Champions”. Indeed, the Pirates gain in 1979 the National league and Steelers gained the Super Bowl the January 20th 1980.

The level of the Basketball, several teams followed one another in the city without none really leaving the batch. One can quote the Ironmen, the Pipers, the Hardhats and finally the current team, the Xplosion. The Xplosion latter play their match either in the Melon Arena or with the Peterson Events Center , ground of the Université of Pittsburgh.

University sport

The Panthers is the club general sports university of the Université of Pittsburgh. The teams of Panthers take part in the university competitions organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Pittsburgh belongs to division Big East Conference. The adoption of a panther like mascot goes back to 1909.

The most famous team of Panthers is that of American football which asserts at least five national titles and the team which was created in 1889 and uses in 2007, the Heinz Field and the Peterson Events Center after having played in the Pitt Stadium , enclosure of: 56150 places.

Current teams and prize list

Twinnings

Births

See too

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