Pipe cleaner

Description

The male measures between 40 cm and 60 cm (without the tail) and generally weighs between 1 and 1,8 kg in spring. The female is smaller and more fine, it measures between 30 cm and 50 cm for a weight between 450 G and 1 kg. In autumn the weight of the pipe cleaner increases approximately 40% (reserves of greases for the winter).

The aspect of the pipe cleaner differs slightly from its wild ancestor, the Putois, whose color are very dark, the broader head and jaw stronger. The stockbreeders of pipe cleaner especially endeavoured to obtain many varieties of color and reasons on the level of the fur. Inter alia the albino varieties, putoized, Siamese, champagne, silver, Silvermitt, blackself, american panda, sable or badger. Nowadays there exist even pipe cleaners will angoras.

Social behavior

The lifespan is very variable and depends so much on the lifestyle (food, rut, luminosity) that of their source. The pipe cleaners sold in animalery are often classified like " américains" , but necessarily do not come from the American continent. Moreover it are many Mustela furo and not Mustela nigripes, wild animal whose detention in captivity is prohibited. The only difference with a pipe cleaner known as " européen" , the lifespan would be longer, is then in the method of breeding, in particular early sterilization (at 3 weeks instead of 6 months minimum), even the déglandage (operation prohibited in France). The theoretical lifespan of a pipe cleaner is ten years, but in practice one observes average a eight years and certain pipe cleaners lived up to seventeen years.

Very player, it is not more aggressive than a Chien or a cat and is socialized well with the latter. Sharp, nimble and equipped with a great curiosity, it can disappear in the most incredible places and calm down one good moment there (it sleeps sixteen to twenty hours per day).

History

In Europe, the domestication of the pipe cleaner precedes that by the cat of more than 500 years, the use by the man of the pipe cleaner for the Chasse with the Rongeur S and with the rabbits, can be found as of the IV E

He played, in conjunction with the Hermine, the role of pet in the ancient Greece, before those do not discover the cat in Egypt. In spite of the introduction of this last in Europe by the Romans, the pipe cleaner, following the example elsewhere of the hermine, during all the Moyen-âge remained a pet, and the use will fall completely in disuse only as from the romantic time (for the hermine as of the Renaissance).

The pipe cleaners do not exist in a wild state in Europe because in spite of many escapes, they never succeeded in settling and establishing wild groups, even in the places where preys were abundant. However it became invasive in Australia where it nourishes mouse.

Ferreting

Ferreting is a selective Chasse (trapping) using pipe cleaners.

It is mainly a question of trapping wild rabbits. The pipe cleaner is used by the fretterers because of his capacity to penetrate in the burrows of which it makes flee the occupants; those can then be captured with nets posed beforehand or drawn with rifle. Who says ferreting, does not want to say dead animals. Certain trappers slacken simply the preys dislodged in another environment.

Each year, of many fretterers or associations of fretterers work for the airports, highways and various grounds of transport in order to dislodge about it of the harmful hosts.

In France, the practice of ferreting depends on a specific legislation.

Pet

The pipe cleaner is now regarded as a new pet (NAC). Like all the pets, the pipe cleaner is likely to be a vector of Zoonose S.

Care and maintenance

Although the pipe cleaner is smaller than a dog or a cat, he asks as much maintenance.

The cleaning of the ears must be done approximately every 2 weeks, using a lotion adapted (for pipe cleaner or cat) and of a cotton (and not of a cotton stem, being able to cause serious internal lesions). When this cleaning is too rare, even non-existent, the pipe cleaner is likely to be reached by the " scale of the oreilles".

The cut of the claws is recommended only if the pipe cleaner does not only wear them, which is generally the case. The cut must be done the ground parallel to. It is necessary to be attentive not to cut the vein which is in the center of the claw (visible pink line on the clear claws). This cut is usually done with twice per month.

The bath is not necessary. On the contrary, of the too frequent baths or with unsuited products damage the skin of the pipe cleaner, and can cause an excess of sebum. Moreover, more one washes a pipe cleaner more it feels extremely, because it tries to recreate its body odor. It is recommended to twice a year wash a pipe cleaner with maximum. Moreover, the quality of food that you will give to your pipe cleaner will influence much its odor.

The pipe cleaner must be treated against the internal and external parasites. One needs vermifuger a fureton (baby pipe cleaner) every month during the first year of its life then once adult 2 to 4 times per annum (in spring and in autumn or at each season), like regularly treating it against the parasites of the chips type or ticks.

One needs Vaccin er the pipe cleaner against the Maladie of Square, fatal disease at 100% still incurable. Although this one is almost éradiquée in France, it appears still punctually. Vaccination against the Rage is also obligatory in several countries and for the passage of borders. The choice of the vaccine must be made among those high on avian stock.

The identification of the pipe cleaner, by establishment of an electronic chip, is often obligatory (for all " transaction" that it is for a gift or a sale) or strongly advised (in the event of loss of the pipe cleaner it is possible to identify it and contact its owner). The identification of the pipe cleaner is obligatory to go in certain countries. They are the only means of validating a passport and the certificates of vaccines there observers.

Operations

The sterilization is essential in the females not intended for the reproduction. One ferrets not sterilized and not gestante is reached of Hyperœstrogénisme. It remains in heats and the hormones end up attacking osseous marrow. This disease often mortal is also called " aplasia médullaire".

The Castration is not obligatory for the males. But once castrated, the male could not be any more in rut. The odor of the castrated pipe cleaner is softer and that removes for the owner and his animals the nuisances of a male in rut (pronounced odor, marking by the urine and obsessif behavior towards his/her comrades).

According to certain veterinary surgeons, an early sterilization could be a factor involving hormonal problems in the long term.

The ablation of anal glands is an operation supposed to attenuate the musky odor of the pipe cleaner, actually it does not change of anything with the production glands sébacées present on the skin pipe cleaner. But removes with the pipe cleaner the possibility of emptying its anal glands (odorous projection of defense) since it does not have any more. This operation is now prohibited in France and Belgium (considered as " an operation of convenance").

Food

The pipe cleaner is strictly carnivorous.

To nourish his animal the owner of a pipe cleaner has the choice between a flesh-colored food, made up of Proie S or crushed meats and animal by-products and a food containing croquettes for kittens of excellent quality and pipe cleaner of good quality, the latter is the most current food. It is possible to give this various food in alternation or in an exclusive way. The food of the pipe cleaner remains a subject of debate between the stockbreeders.

A pipe cleaner takes dietary habits in the first 6 months of its life, it is for this period that it is necessary to make known to him different tastes so that it does not become exclusive. The pipe cleaner ideally makes several small meals per day, around ten, because its digestion is very short (3 to 5 a.m.). Therefore it is important always to leave food and fresh water to provision to him. Food will have to contain Taurine and to be made up from at least 20% of grease S and 34% of animal Protéine S. In nature, the pipe cleaners would find the other nutrients necessary in the Foie, the Cœur or others Organe S of their preys, one must thus sometimes give them supplements, like Vitamine S to supplement an industrial food. The food to be avoided is: the chocolate (the Théobromine being very toxic even mortal for the carnivores in general, of which pipe cleaners), candies and other too sweetened food, fruits dry, alcohol, the fish, the believed egg white, milk (Intolerance with the lactose, the adults are not accustomed any more to digest it), coffee, etc

Among the dry fruits, the grapes (dry or fresh) are strongly disadvised because they are toxic for the pipe cleaners. A study made in the United States indeed listed 23 case of intoxication by the grape. It was proven that a massive grape ingestion causes an acute impaired renal function.

Education

The fureton discovers its environment with the mouth. When it grows it is necessary to learn how to him not to bite with all goes, for example while making the bite unpleasant (to leave the finger in the mouth in an awkward way) and by taking it by the skin of the neck to the manner of a mother by affirming a " Not! " energetic. Once educated well, a pipe cleaner does not bite normally any more.

The pipe cleaner is a clean animal which makes its needs in the corners (of part, cage, litter). It is possible to accustom it to make its needs in a litter who is intended to him, in putting at it as of its alarm clock or as soon as it is put in position of defecation (it and the tail raises moves back).

Cage

The choice of the cage of the pipe cleaner is important. The bars must be sufficiently isolated so that it does not wedge there a finger or of leg. It is necessary a minimum of space for him to inside be able to move and play (in Suisse the law requires a surface minimum of 2 m ² for a couple of pipe cleaner (0,50 m ² by additional pipe cleaner), as well as a height from at least 0,60 Mr. surface necessary can be distributed on several stages, a place where to make its needs and another container the necessary one for the food (bowl, pipette or bowl of water) can be arranged. The owner of pipe cleaner has the choice to buy a cage commercial or if he is handyman to manufacture his. He can also choose to leave his pipe cleaner in freedom or in semi-freedom in its house, which implies security measures for the animal because of many accidents in the home are possible there.

The animal must be able to benefit from regular exits out of its cage (surroundings 3 to 4 a.m. per day), but outside does not require exits like a Chien. The animaleries sell harnesses specialized for the pipe cleaners. After having taken care to adjust its harness well (and to be sure of a good vaccination), you can leave it outside.

Acquisition

; Stockbreeders of pipe cleaner Deserve name " stockbreeder of furet" any person having the legal authorization to reproduce pipe cleaners. A stockbreeder of pipe cleaner generally knows the needs and the character of let us ferret; it is able to direct you and advise you for the future of your future companion. Let us ferret are often well balanced there, thanks to the conditions of reproduction (choice of the parents, living condition of the range) and with knowledge of the stockbreeder. Let us ferret must have received the basic care (vaccines, vermifuge, electronic identification, etc) and a food adapted for a good health.

; Private individuals or stockbreeders amateurs A private individual does not have paper certifying it stockbreeder. He can have good knowledge on the pipe cleaner, like having any of it. It is thus necessary for all to choose the good person, to make sure of the good conditions of reproduction and adoption, to observe the health condition of the pipe cleaners and to check that they received the care necessary (vaccines, vermifuge, electronic identification, etc)

; Refuges and associations To adopt a pipe cleaner in a refuge or an association, it is him to give one second chance. The pipe cleaners coming from refuges have sometimes certain defects (mordeurs, or not clean - attention that varies according to the refuges!! A serious refuge will never make adopt a or not clean aggressive pipe cleaner!), but like any pipe cleaner, that corrects itself with a good education. Associations generally put the pipe cleaners to be adopted once they are given on foot (health, behavior) and guarantee a good follow-up. To adopt a pipe cleaner in a refuge or an association, it is often necessary to sign a contract of adoption and to make a gift (for example with the height of the basic expenses veterinary which were made on the pipe cleaner in question).

; Animaleries The majority of the pipe cleaners of animalery come from cattle-breeding farms (often intensive, with an enormous rate of consanguinity) and are sterilized precociously. The pipe cleaner is more expensive and comes sometimes from abroad. The purchase in animalery is not with advising for many reasons, in particular the ill treatment that there the animals undergo. It is necessary to be wary of the problems of consanguinity source of tumoral pathologies for lack of mixing genetic.

The animaleries are not however very to condemn. It is important, if you wish to buy a pipe cleaner in a shop of animals specialized, to make sure that the employees take care of the good care of their protected. Certain animaleries review honor to offer the best living conditions essential with the bases of educations, such as providing a large cage adapted, cleaned regularly, taking the pipe cleaner as often as possible in order to accustom it to handling and to punish it adequately to make him lose its bad habits. It is not difficult to note it: it is enough to ask to handle the pipe cleaner and if the employee accepts, to check if it tends to bite. Also the body odor will be an good indicator of the level of stress of the animal. The more it feels bad, less better it is treated. It is however to note that when a pipe cleaner saw a stress (fear, a displacement in a new place) its odor body becomes stronger.

Lastly, you do not obstruct especially to request information on the stockbreeder. If the animalery cannot even provide you the name, leave the places as fast as possible.

Legal status

In Europe, like all the domestic carnivores of company, the pipe cleaner must have a European passport to travel and for this reason to be vaccinated, examined and identified.

In Swiss, amongst other things, the pipe cleaner is always regarded as a nondomestic animal and its possession requires a certificate issued by the cantonal Vétérinaire after control of the good followed law. The cage must make 2 cubic meters for one to two pipe cleaners, be made certain materials and comprise certain essential elements such as for example a water mess tin and one of croquettes.

In France, the pipe cleaner is mentioned in the Liste of the pets according to the French legislation. The pipe cleaners old of less than 3 months and not vaccinated against the rage cannot be introduced on the French territory (official journal of May 28th, 2005). The older pipe cleaners must fill of the strict conditions to return to France, especially if they are imported from a country located out of the European Union.

In Belgium, the pipe cleaner is not obliged to have a passport, if it is not the European passport to leave the territory. He is regarded as a New Pet.

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