Pinocchio is a Personnage of fiction, Héros of famous a modern Fairy tale, universal masterpiece of the literature for children: the adventure of Pinocchio. Storia di a burattino ( adventures of Pinocchio. History of a puppet ), the journalist and Italian writer, originating in Tuscan, Carlo Lorenzini, more known under its pen name: Carlo Collodi - (born and died in Florence, 1826 - 1890).

It is the fairy tale par excellence, immortal and universal, from which were drawn from the thousands of versions literary, theatrical, choreographic, televised, cinematographic and as cartoons, without counting the hundreds of translations, illustrated versions as well as the settings in music and song.

the adventures of Pinocchio have a prerogative which belongs only to the large masterpieces, it is that to be out of time. For the 100 years of Pinocchio , in 1981, Italo Calvino wrote as follows: " It is natural for us to think that Pinocchio always existed, one indeed does not think a world without Pinocchio . "

the adventures of Pinocchio were the second delivers more sold in Italy at the 20th century: from 9 to 10 million specimens, behind the Divine comedy of Dante Alighieri: from 11 to 12 million specimens (Source: Report/ratio on the Italian edition of Giuliano Vigni - 1999).

In this book, doesn't Pinocchio appear with the reader as a man equipped as a puppet whereas this same reader does not feel it finally, at the bottom with itself, a puppet equipped as a man?

History

It was once… - a king! my small readers will exclaim at once. Not, the children, you are mistaken. It was once a piece of bois… thus begins the history.

Geppetto, a poor Italian carpenter, manufactures in a piece of wood to burn which cries, laughs and speaks like a child, a puppet which it names Pinocchio. This one immediately makes him turns and it arrives to him of many adventures: it meets Mangefeu, the puppeteer, the Cat and the Fox which attack it and hangs it. It is the blue Fairy which saves it. Its nose lengthens with each lie… It leaves then with his friend Lucignolo for the Country the toys, and they are transformed both into donkeys. It then is thrown to the sea and is swallowed by an enormous whale in the belly of which it finds Geppetto. Finally it starts to work and to study and it awakes one beautiful day transformed into true little boy in flesh and bone.

From this tale were born from the universal commonplaces which passed in the language running and which one says to the children such as for example: “your nose will lengthen if you lie” or “your ears will push as ears of ass if you work badly at the school”.

detailed Article: history of Pinocchio

Carlo Collodi

The " papa" and the author of Pinocchio is the journalist polemist and writer pedagogist Carlo Collodi. Its novel " Adventures of Pinocchio" made famous in the whole world. It is one of the representatives of a literature of finer feelingss posted by the Italian lower middle class of the end of the 19th century. It developed in this work, through the rebellious hero of its history, the virtues morals of rural Italy laicized (Collodi did not make place with the religion in this novel) with values like the family, the school, the work and the love of the trade.
Collodi defined itself its Pinocchio work like a " gaminerie". In the plan of the literary kind, some critical see this novel like true a picaresque Roman which handles in particular humor and the laughter. Pinocchio is recognized by the critic like traditional of the Italian Littérature of the 19th century and which for this reason is addressed not only to the children but also to the adultes.
Collodi was published in the collection " I Meridiani" at Mondadori, the Italian equivalent of the prestigious French collection " Pleïade" at NRF-Gallimard: Carlo Collodi, Operates , has cleaned di Daniela Marchesi, Arnoldo Mandadori Editore, Milano, 1995, ISBN 8804400757,1136 pages, format 11x17,5 cm.

detailed Article: the " papa" of Pinocchio: Carlo Collodi

Tuscany

As from the 14th century, if each Italian area speaks its own dialect, it is Tuscan of Florence which becomes standard written Italian, much of members of the pontifical court coming from this région.
At the 20th century, after the great success of Pinocchio, read in Tuscan by all the natives, the mediae and new means of communication, whose television, made it possible to generalize the use of Tuscan like national Italian language standard.
Tuscany thus became the reference as regards language in Italy, in particular thanks to Pinocchio.

detailed Article: Tuscany de Pinocchio

Origins

Pinocchio, in Tuscan, means pinion , one says pignolat or pine cone in Provençal, pinolo in Italian. It is the edible seed of the umbrella pine ( Pinus pinea ) whose Amande protected by a fine shell is inside the cone or pine cone or the pine cone into of Provence, pigna in Italian. A German adaptation of Pinocchio of the beginning of last century is called thus Zapfelkerns Abenteur (adventures of Nociolo di Pigna, Pinolo). This word Tuscan of the 19th century fell in disuse and is not nowadays used any more.
Tuscan Fernando Tempesti, researcher in literature and one of the best specialists in Pinocchio, specifies that in the language of Geppetto, Tuscan of the 19th century, Pinocchio means small pinion which would like to also say in the secret language of Collodi: small crevard . This expression returns to the Arlequin of the Commedia dell' arte florentine which names Stenterello, quite as starveling as Pinocchio.

Before being called Pinocchio, it had been called Arlequin, Punchinello, or Stenterello. It belongs to the characters, of the immutable characters which have, from time immemorial, been used as fixed point with the improvisation. We find here the statute popular and poor of this character not makes in noble wood , but in “a simple log taken in the wood pile to burn, of those which one puts in winter, in the stove or the chimney to light a fire and to heat the rooms”.

Translations since Italian

the Adventures of Pinocchio are universally known. They would have been translated in more than 400 languages and dialects (approximately 120 languages for the Small Prince of Saint-Exupéry as comparison). Pinocchio would have been translated in more than 25 Italian dialects, of Piedmontese with the sicilian while passing by the Neapolitan one. It was also translated into Latin, language in which it names Pinoculus .

An important adaptation of Pinocchio is being its version Russian: Bouratino () written by Alexeï Nicolaïevitch Tolstoï in 1936. This particularly popular version in Soviet Union gave place to several film adaptations.

detailed Article: translations of Pinocchio since Italian

With the cinema and on television

The adaptations of Pinocchio to the cinema and on television are very numerous, about a few tens.

The notoriety of certain films is such, (it is the case for example Pinocchio of Walt Disney) that the general public made of it a standard which supplants original written work.

It is necessary to go obviously: in the imaginary world collective, Pinocchio is represented in a way crushing by film of Walt Disney. Thus, when one asks children who is Pinocchio for them, the only reference that they have some is that of Disney. This monopolistic notority thus rolls all other forms of representations since 1940. As regards media, the reading of the books arriving well behind audio-visual consumption, a film adaptation of Pinocchio thus comes from there to become more known than original literary work itself. In addition to this paradox, some critical perceive in cartoon film of Disney a doubled standardization and an impoverishment of a infantilisation of the work of Collodi. This irrefutable fact is an inescapable sacrifice to make on the furnace bridge of the World Trade organization (OMC) and of the development of the international business concerning all the goods and services (including cultural). Could the installation of the cultural Exception, in the future, change something with this Impérialisme cultural American and the cultural diversity preached by UNESCO it has chances thus not to remain a vain word?

In 2005, a new adaptation, musical this time to summer carried out by Bruno Berrebi, author and Italian type-setter. It is about the adaptation of the melody without words of film of 1972: " Birichinata" . Named " do not be to You course Pinocchio " for the French version, this individual, accompanied by a clip in 3D at summer placed in the very first ones place signal of record sales IFOP from June in December 2006, with three individual classified in the first 10 places the week of Christmas 2006, " Do not be to you course Pinocchio" was diamond disc certified SNEP.Cette version at summer taken again in German, Dutch and in Arabic… Two albums were produced to date by this puppet in 3D. New Opus, Magic Pinocchio, are still an international success! The electric bird is the title of the new song extracted from this album and Pinocchio now has an Internet site worthy of a star of the song: www.pinocchiosong.com

Written adaptations of Pinocchio

Adaptations of Pinocchio that the Italians call of a a little pejorative term " Pinocchiate" are derived works, the editions reduced for the small ones, the book-plays, the “popones”, the rehandlings, the parodies, the rewritings, the versions " according to Collodi… " , " told by… " and in general all transpositions of Pinocchio i.e., in fact, a majority of the book production of the Pinocchio .

detailed Article: Adaptations written of Pinocchio

Documentary and emissions

Documentary, television programs and radiophonic: Documentary - Pinocchio, history of a puppet - of Folco Quilici (France - 2002 - 52 ') Coproduction: ARTE, ExNihilo, SPOKE, Avro
Television program ARTE - Pinocchio - Thema of the 24.12.2002
Radio program RTSI - Radio Swiss Television of language Italian - Pinocchio in 20 episodes - 2001 - in italien
Television program SPOKE - Pinocchio Io Sound system - Twenty Italian personalities read and comment on Collodi - in italien
Television program SPOKE - Pinocchio - the lie with great strides - in Italian

Meeting-Conference-conferences

Meetings or conferences and conferences having had for Pinocchio topic: Organized meetings with Pescia by the National Foundation Carlo Collodi:
- Studi collodiani (Studies collodiennes) , International meetings from October 5th to 7th 1974 published on 1976,646 pages,
- Pinocchio oggi (Pinocchio today) teaching , Meetings from September 30th to October 1st, 1978 published on 1980,303 pages,
- the simbologia di Pinocchio (symbology of Pinocchio) , Meetings of the May 24th and 25th 1980,
- Interni E dintorni del Pinocchio (Pinocchio intimate and public) , Folkloristes Italian of the time of Collodi published on 1986,309 pages,
- Pinocchio FRA I burattini (Pinocchio with the puppets) , Meetings of the March 27th and 28th 1987 published in 1993,209 pages.

Conference: Pinocchio between text and image from March 7th to 9th 2002 at the National library from France to Paris organized by the International institute Charles Perrault and the French Union of film for childhood and youth (Uffej) with in the chair Jean Perrot. Work of this conference was published in: Jean Perrot, '' Pinocchio between text and image '', Magpie-Peter Lang - Brussels - 2002 - ISBN 9052011710

International meetings of studies: '' It giro di Pinocchio in due giornate '' (the turn of Pinocchio in two days) , National university of Pisa, October 1st, th and 2nd 2004.

Pedagogy: Pinocchio and teaching

the adventures of Pinocchio are a topic for education as well primary, secondary that superior and in particular at the European level enters Italy fatherland of Pinocchio and other European countries concerning mainly the fields of the languages and translations and the literature for childhood and youth.

detailed Article: Use of Pinocchio in teaching

With the theater

Pinocchio. Setting in scene: Bruno Boeglin. Coproduction: National Dramatic center of the Alps Grenoble, Space Malraux National scene Chambéry Savoy, Novothéâtre, Odéon - Theater of Europe, Theater of Célestins of Lyon. Spectacle created on January 12th, 1999 with Chambéry.
Bruno Boeglin this Master of the adaptation which dreamed since of the years to reinvent Pinocchio designed around his hero a spectacle full with surprises, serious and light, opened with all the adventures, in order to again try to fill what it estimates to be the " modest function of art: to cut some wire of the puppet humain".
Bibliography:
Put in scene by Pascal Antonini in 2004 Ile de France of the new adaptation of Lee Hall.Il had there, among all the editions of Pinocchio available in France, no theatrical adaptation. And yet, with many regards, the book calls a scenic version. The adaptation suggested below was established by Lee Hall which is also the scenario writer of the film Billy Elliot.
Carlo Collodi, adventures of Pinocchio - Theatrical adaptation of Lee Hall, translated from English by Bruno Bayen, in the collection Theater Youth at the Arch Editor - 2002,120 pages, ISBN 2851815156

Toy or object of decoration

Wood puppets, toys for the children or decoration, are manufactured in Italy with all the knowledge to make Italian craftsmen:

C2 di Rainoldi P.E C. - Torneria Legno in Gravellona Toce, Province of Verbanie in Piedmont in Italy - in Italian
Artisanal manufacturer by turning of Pinocchio in beech, birch, charms, alder, painted and varnished with the hand. In addition to the Italian interior market, exports its traditional puppets of various sizes (of a few centimetres to more than two meters) in Canada, the USA, Japan, Germany, France and Espagne.

Di Pinocchio Insulated on Marionnettes in Venice.com - Pinocchio out of clothes with its alphabetical N° 1 N°2 - in italien
Pinocchio without dress N° 1 N°2 - in italien
Of Pinocchio in the form of true puppets with wire entirely hand made in an old working of Venice by a family company. From 40 to 60 centimetres height, manoeuvrable with a cross out of wooden with eight wire, the bodies are out of wood and the hands, feet and heads in paste with wood painted and decorated with the hand, the clothes and costumes are made according to the tradition of the Venetian costumes of carnaval.

Books of Pinocchio: Collectors and bibliophiles

The search for editions of Pinocchio in good state can be a strenuous work if the fact is considered that the principal recipients of the books for youth are precisely of young children, i.e. readers not always attentive with the good conservation of the livres.
Many are thus the old specimens which carry the rather visible marks from there: gribouillage, tears, coloring and even cutting of the illustrations.
This is why specimens of more than one hundred years for example, in good state of conservation, are bibliographical scarcities which are worth cher.
very The Pinocchio are generally illustrated books. The value of the books thus depends for a good portion on the illustrations and their authors. The number of draftsmen having illustrated Pinocchio would be of more than 700 all over the world. There is thus for the collectors a large range of possibilités.
Pinocchio is initially appeared in serial in a weekly magazine for children: the giornale per I bambini . The conservation of the newspapers, especially when they are newspapers of children, appearing even more random than that of the books, of the original specimens of time (1881-1883) are absolute scarcities which one can see practically only in the bibliothèques.

detailed Article: Books of Pinocchio: Collectors and bibliophiles

See too

  • Pinocchio and the Puppet theater: List of the Puppet theater in France and in some countries of Europe

  • Pinocchio and philately - Pinocchio and philately - in Italian
  • the original text of Pinocchio

External bonds

  • the text of ''' Pinocchio ''' translates into French by Claude Sartirano
  • the text of ''' Pinocchio ''' translates into English by Caroll della Chiesa
  • the text of ''' Pinokjo ''' into Esperanto by Giuseppe Croatini with the illustrations of Enrico Mazzanti of 1883
  • the text of ''' Pinocho ''' into Spanish with illustrations of Carlo Chiostri
  • the original text of ''' Pinocchio ''' into Italian with labels animated according to Enrico Mazzanti
  • the original text of ''' Pinocchio ''' into Italian illustrated with figurines carved into wood of olive-tree by Franco Violated
  • the text of ''' Pinòsso ''' in dialect génois translated by G.P. Macciò
  • the International institute of the Puppet and the World Festival of the Puppet theaters in Charleville Mézière
  • Foundation Carlo Collodi: Pinocchio, the village of Collodi and Carlo Lorenzini
  • Fondazione Nazionale Carlo Collodi - in Italian
  • the collezione Fabrizio Peli in Arezzo (approximately 1200 titles relating to Pinocchio) - in Italian
  • the collection of the Hilard School of Laval by Joseph Cabioch
  • Erasmus Co-operation between the Universities of Florence and Liege around Pinocchio - Luciano Curreri
  • Pinocchio Audiolivre in Italian
  • the clip of Pinocchio " Do not be to you course Pinocchio"

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