Pihen-lès-Guînes

Pihen-lès-Guînes is a common French, located in the department of the Pas-de-Calais and the area Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

Geography

History

The name of Pihen appears for the first time in the charter of foundation of the abbey of Andres in 1084, in the form Pithem , of Germanic the pit (well) + heim (dwelling, village), become PIHEN by disappearance of T. One writes - HEN in the Calaisis and the Boulonnais, - HEM elsewhere. Pihem (close to Wizernes) is the same word as Pihen, which involved many errors in the routing of the mail and led the common to modify its noun in Pihen-lès-Guînes in 1923.

It is not doubtful that the village is very old. One would have found burials going up at the time the top Moyen-âge, in particular of the burials in the shape of sarcophagi and the skeletons resting directly on chalk. Very thick tiles, worked with the hand, were on several occasions re-installed on the surface of a field by the plowshare of a plow. Witnesses of times more moved back much, defenses of Mammoth and a cranium of Rhinocéros were put at the day during the construction of the secondary road.

To note " the star itinéraire" what constitutes the center of the village where 7 ways come to succeed, of which several go back to the Middle Ages. The commune is crossed right through on a East-West axis by an ancient way which one regards as Roman, connects derived, with Guînes, of the Leulène (or way of Leulingue) which goes in right-hand side line of Thérouanne to Sangatte. This branch derived from Roman Voie connects Guînes to Wissant which was a wearing of loading towards the England very attended with the Middle Ages. This way is a portion of the Via Francigena, way of pilgrimage which connected Canterbury (or Canterbury) with Rome whose Sigéric, archbishop of Canterbury of 989 with 994 makes oldest description in 990 at the time of its return of Rome. This route, in 80 stages of approximately 20 km, is known by a manuscript. It is on the basis of this route, in the past attested even that of Compostelle, than was marked out the current route.

With the Middle Ages, Pihen belonged to the Comté of Guînes, then remained with the English of 1347 with 1558, like all the parishes of Calaisis. After the release by Francois, second Duke of Own way, in 1558, Pihen belongs to the " country reconquis" : for the departure of the English colonists established since the capitulation of Calais in 1347 and the expulsion of the French owners, it is necessary to distribute the grounds between their new owners. In 1560 one counts eleven owners on a surface of 1307 measurements approximately for fifteen owners in 1585 sharing approximately 2000 measurements (currently 925 hectares).

L be tribulations of Pihen were not finished for as much. At that time, the kings of France and Spain being in war, the territory of Pihen was in the zone of the engagements, the Spaniards coming from the close Flanders which was then in their possession. One day one was to the French and the following day one could find oneself Spanish. What was the case of 1596 with 1598. The old church, of the 13th century, made the expenses of them since it was burnt at that time.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

the Notre-Dame church of the Annunciation

The church was in the past placed under the term of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.

Building of the 13th century does not remain any more but the chorus. Of the polygonal shape with three sides, it is lit by windows with lancet. Its ribbed vaults are supported by columns whose very thin barrel is coupled with the angles of construction and overcome capitals which form hooks. The walls out of chalk are cut, to the angles of the bedside apply not very projecting buttresses whose base is lost under-bassements church.

According to the notes of the abbot Haigneré (historiographer of the Pas-de-Calais of the 19th century), a tower being between the chorus and the nave presented Romance arcades in its low part. This tower does not exist any more. The nave was rebuilt about the middle of the 19th century. A bell-tower which makes porch precedes it. This one shelters two bells which carry inscriptions relative to their baptism.

Large bell: Eugenie, 1836, bénite by Mr. Lattaignant, priest of Pihen. Godfather: Roger, baron de Colbert de Castel Hill. Godmother: Eugenie Podevin, born Soothsayer of Ervilles. Mr. Adolphe Podevin-Carpentier being mayor of Pihen.

Small bell: Augustine-Georgina, 1888, bénite by Mr. Gallais, cleaned senior of Guînes. Godfather: Mr. Georges Van Wrapped. Godmother: Augustine Mollien Soothsayer of Ervilles. Mr. Eugene Rémy being cleaned and Mr. Férréol, mayor.

The iron cross surmounting the bell-tower is confined by spirals giving the date of 1826

The notes of the Haigneré abbot announce several old epitaphs of which that on a blue stone slab of Marquise in the paving of the low church bearing the name of Bernard Cannet, merchant in Boulogne-sur-Mer, deceased on January 3rd, 1709. In 1970, repair of the pavement of the chorus, a tomb stone preserved very well at summer updated bearing the name of Adrien Roy, deceased on September 8th, 1634.

The old cemetery, which surrounded the church, counts several old gray stone tomb stones of Marchioness, thus those of Alexandre-Roger de Colbert de Castel Hill, deceased with the castle of Rocherie on July 19th, 1829 and François de Reynaud d' Arnaud.

The new cemetery, transferred for a rather long time, is located at some distances in old the " Courtil of Rois". The cross of the cemetery was set up on June 27th, 1875 by Alphonse de Guizelin and his wife Louise de Montbrun.

the castle of Alenthun

the manor of Beauregard

the castle of Rocherie

the castle of Quennevacherie

the old mill

Located on the height, on the road of Bonningues-the-Calais exists always a ruined tower which formerly was a Windmill.

This Moulin builds out of sand brick on stone foundation of Landrethun goes back to 1839. Certain old postcards give him the name of " Lay" mill; or " Lay-Tristam" mill;. Close to the entry turned towards Calais a niche gone back to 1879, still visible, sheltered a statue out of wooden painted holy representative Donat (the iconography of this saint represents it with hair and a beard similar to those of Christ, the arms with horizontal (tended ahead), the right hand holding a sword, points in the air.

It was about a mill of the " type; tour" , this one generally has a fixed body out of stone or bricks, surmounted by a roof being able to swivel, only, on 360°. It supports the wings and shelters the wheel and the lantern. To put the wings vis-a-vis the wind, the back of the mill is equipped with a guivre (tail) going down to the ground at the disposal of the miller. Old postcards show that the wings are of " type; flamand" : the wings are dissymmetrical, each one of them can reach up to 12 meters, creating a scale of 24 or 25 meters. The right-sided is equipped with cants board forming the narrow edge of the wing, the left side is composed of a squaring of bars and slats.

Cemetery of the British Commonwealth

Personalities related to the commune

Family Colbert de Castel Hill, related to Colbert, minister of Louis XIV. See House of Colbert

Family of Hautecloque. See Marshal Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque

Famille Van Wrapped. See Castle of Trifle to Abbeville

See too

Common of the Pas-de-Calais

External bonds

Pihen-lès-Guînes on the site of the national geographical Institute
Pihen-lès-Guînes on the site of INSEE
Pihen-lès-Guînes on the site of Quid
Localization of Pihen-lès-Guînes on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Pihen-lès-Guînes on Mapquest

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