Pierre Emmanuel Vidal-Naquet , born the July 23rd 1930 with Paris and deceased the July 29th 2006 with Nice, is a historian, a hellenist and a militant French. He is in particular known for his engagement against the Torture in Algérie, against the Dictature of the colonels Greek S and against the Négationnisme, like for his support in the efforts of peace for the the Middle East.
Biography
University course
Vidal-Naquet wrote several texts with autobiographical aiming, of which Why and how I became historian (meets of Blois 2002) and Esquisse of a course anticolonialist (2001). It also wrote memories, published in 1998.Its family belonged to the Jewish community sépharade of Carpentras, close to Avignon. He is educated in a laic and republican medium. His/her father was a lawyer “supporter of Dreyfus” which very early joined the Résistance in order to escape the expatriation. In June 1940, the family flees for Marseilles. May 15th 1944, his/her parents are stopped with Marseilles by the off-set Gestapo and with Auschwitz, from where they did not return. After the deportation of his parents, Pierre Vidal-Naquet hides in the house of his grandmother in Drome. He benefits from it to devote himself to intensive readings, whose Iliade , and meets there his/her cousin, the philosopher Jacques Brunschwig.
He discovers the Surréalisme (André Breton, Rene Char and Antonin Artaud) and, at the 18 years age, founds the review Imprudence with Pierre Nora. Reader of Marc Bloch, his vocation of historian is born. In 1949, the lawsuit of Rajk in Hungary removes any desire definitively to him to join the French Communist party. Raise in class of Hypokhâgne to the Lycée Henri-Iv, he studies the history and becomes doctor be-letters (1955) and aggregate of Histoire. It Marie in 1952. This same year, it starts to be interested in Plato. It is named during one year with the Lycée Pothier of Orleans before joining the Université of Caen (1956-60), where Alain Corbin is his pupil. He then studies primarily the ancient Greece. He also collaborates in the edition of works of Leon Blum, with in particular François Furet. In 1960, it follows the teaching of Jean-Pierre Vernant. It integrates the university of Lille between 1961 and 1962.
It devotes its research to the ancient Greece, the Jewish Histoire as well as the Modern history. He thinks persuaded also that the continent named Atlantis by Plato constitutes simply an invention of this one. Entered with EHESS in 1966, he becomes the director in 1969 about it.
Father of three children, he was Officer of the Legion of Honor like commander about the Phoenix in Greece. Reader of Dumézil and Lévi-Strauss, he becomes member of the School of Paris, made up of his friend Jean-Pierre Vernant (with whom he will write some books), of Nicole Loraux and of Marcel Detienne.
He died in the hospital of Nice the July 29th 2006.
Among his pupils, one counts the historians Pauline Schmitt-Pantel and Maurice Sartre.
Pierre Vidal-Naquet counts among the members of his family Jose de Bérys, Francine Bloch, Marcel Dassault and Darius Milhaud.
A committed intellectual
In addition to ancient Greece, its field of predilection, it is interested on contemporary subjects like the Guerre of Algeria and the drama of the Shoah. Intellectual engaged in the defense of the Human rights, it militates against the Torture in Algeria and against the Colonialisme. In 1956, it makes publish in the review Esprit a testimony on exactions of the French Army. From 1957 it carries out a work of historian on the disappearance of Maurice Audin, young French mathematician, stopped in Algeria and missing since: it defends the thesis of its death under torture against that, official, of its disappearance by escape. It makes of it a book, the Business Audin , appeared in 1958 and republished, largely supplemented, years later. It takes part thus in the Committee Audin. It publishes in 1962 the Reason of State , delivers denouncing the use of torture. To have signed in 1960 the “Proclamation of the 121”, petition of intellectuals on the right to insubordination during the war Algeria, the Nationale minister of education withdraws to him during one year its station (all while leaving him its wages).
Marxist anti Stalinist however, he was briefly member of the Socialist party unified, like sympathizer of Socialisme or cruelty, but took part in no political party, the PSU being for him only one “simple circle of discussion”.
With Michel Foucault and Jean-Marie Domenach, it signs the February 8th 1971 the proclamation of the Groupe of information on the prisons. He is member of the committee of sponsorship of the French Coordination for the Decade of the culture of peace and non-violence.
In spring 1979, Cornélius Castoriadis and strongly criticizes to him in Nouvel Observateur Bernard-Henri Levy to have badly checked its references in its recent book the Will of God (this first edition of the book quoted testimony with the court of Nuremberg of an defendant who had committed suicide before the opening of this one!), marked “contemporaries” of the events distant from several centuries, and carried out quotations without mentioning the authors of them. The conflict is spread out over several numbers until Jean Daniel puts an end to it on a last answer of BHL. The latter will be appropriate of its error of reference and owing to the fact that it does not mention indeed always the authors of what it quotes, not without to have had with the passage of the very hard words for its two contradictors ( nostalgia of the clerks , philosophical police report ).
In July 2003, it takes part in the call “Another voice Jewish”, which gathers Jewish personalities interdependent of the Palestinian people, for a peace fair and lasting with the Close East.
Quotation
Principal works
On the ancient Greece
- Clisthène the Athenian , with Pierre Lévêque, the Beautiful Letters, 1964
- the Form of sowing in ptolémaïque Egypt , Brussels, Egyptological Foundation Queen Elizabeth, 1967
- Economies and Sociétés in old Greece. Periods antiquated and traditional , with Michel Austin, Armand Colin, 1972
- Myth and Tragédie in old Greece , with Jean-Pierre Vernant, François Maspero, 1972
- old Greece. I: Myth with the reason , with Jean-Pierre Vernant, the Threshold, coll Points Tests, 1990
- old Greece. II: Space and Time , with Jean-Pierre Vernant, the Threshold, coll Points Tests, 1991
- old Greece. III: Rites of passage and Transgressions , with Jean-Pierre Vernant, the Threshold, coll Points Tests, 1992
- Oedipus and his myths , with Jean-Pierre Vernant, Complex, 2001
- Work and slavery in Greece old , with Jean-Pierre Vernant, Complex, 2002
- the black Hunter. Forms of thoughts and the shapes of company in the Greek world , François Maspero, 1981
- the Greek Democracy seen besides , Flammarion, 1990
- Greeks, historians and the democracy , the Discovery, 2000
- the broken Mirror: Athenian tragedy and policy , Beautiful Letters, 2002 (new edition)
- Le Monde d' Homère , academic Bookstore Perrin, 2002
- Fragments on the Antique art , Agnes Viénot, 2002
- Atlantis. Little story of a Platonic myth , Beautiful Letters, 2005; ISBN 225138071X
- Flavius Arrien between two worlds , postface with the translation by Pierre Savinel of the Life of Alexandre of Arrien, Editions of Midnight, coll Arguments, 1984
- Of the good use of treason , introduction to the translation by Pierre Savinel of the War of the Jews of Flavius Josèphe, Editions of Midnight, coll Arguments, 1988
On the War of Algeria
- the Business Audin , 1957-1978, Editions of Midnight, 1989 increased edition
- Torture in the Republic: test of history and contemporary policy (1954-1962) , Midnight, 1972
- Crimes of the French Army Algeria 1954-1962 , the new Discovery, 2001 of the author
- Reason of State . Texts published by the Audin Committee, the Discovery, 2002 (new edition of the book published into 1962 with the editions of Midnight)
Jews, the Shoah and the Négationnisme
- Assassins of the memory , the Threshold, 1995 - In line
- Jews, memory and the present , the Threshold, 1995
- the Final solution in the history , with Arno Mayer, the Discovery, 2002
On Jean Moulin
- the Feature poisoned , the Discovery, 1993
Memories
- Memories t.1 - the crack and waiting , 1930-1955, the Threshold, 1998
- Memories t.2 - the disorder and the light , 1955-1998, the Threshold, 1998
Henri Roques continued Vidal-Naquet for slandering on December 1st, 1998. In first authority, by judgment of January 18th, 2001, P. Vidal-Naquet was condemned. The business passed in Court of Appeal in November 2002, which gave reason to Pierre Vidal-Naquet. This last judgment was cancelled by the court of appeal in January 2005, and the business returned before the Court of Appeal of Orleans. In December 2005, following the desistance from Pierre Vidal-Naquet (and his editor), the court declared extinct the authority introduced in call. So the judgment of January 2001 found all its force and P. Vidal-Naquet was thus definitively condemned for slandering to the profit of Henri Roques.
For recall, defense and the thesis Négationniste of Castlings were cancelled, due to irregularities, by the Ministre for State education as of July 1986, then by the Administrative court (in 1988) and finally by the Council of State (in 1992).
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