See also: Rubens (homonymy)

Pierre Paul Rubens (delivery with the Belgian , or the French was a painter Baroque Flemish born in 1577 and died in 1640. It is called Peter Paul Rubens in Flemish.

Helped by an important workshop, Rubens produced a considerable work in various kinds. It agreed to paint a great number of portraits but, " Of instinct more carried to large work than with small the curiosités" like he writes it itself, he especially carried out religious great projects, mythological paintings, and important series of historical paintings. Snuffed the Large ones for the scholarship and the charm of its conversation, it concluded an important diplomatic mission enjoyed a social position without equal in the artists of its time.

Biography

Pierre Paul Rubens was born with Siegen in Westphalia, in the Saint Germanic Roman Empire to 300 km of Antwerp. His/her father, Jan Rubens (1530 - 1587) prosperous lawyer Protesting and his mother, Maria Pypelinckx (1537 - 1608) had left Antwerp (Spanish Netherlands) to escape a religious persecution. In 1589, two years after the death of his/her father, Rubens and its mother went back to Antwerp, where it was made baptize with the catholic religion . Many of its tables represent religious subjects.

He was married of 1609 with 1626 with Isabella Brant, with which he had three children: Clara Serena, Albert and Nicolas, then with Helene Fourment starting from 1630. They had four children: Clara Johanna, Francois, Helene and Pierre Paul.

To Antwerp, it was placed in training 1589 with 1598 by some eminent painters of its time (inter alia Adam van Noort and Otto van Veen). On their councils, it left in Italy 1600 to 1608 to study works of the Renaissance. It remains in particular with Genoa, Mantoue, Venice and Rome where it assimilates the styles and copies works of Raphaël, Caravage, and especially Titien of which it retains the ardor of the color.

It includes/understands French, German, Italian, Spanish and Latin.

He was the official painter of the Court of Albert and Isabelle, regents of the Spanish Netherlands of 1609 with 1621, of the Court of Infante Isabelle of 1621 with 1633, of the Court of the cardinal infant Ferdinand of 1636 with 1640.

Rubens was anobli as “noble of the house of the sérénissime infante” in 1624 by Philippe IV of Spain and made knight by the king Charles I {{er}} of England to reward it for its diplomatic efforts to be made succeed a peace treaty between the Spain and the England.

One of its orders consisted in painting the ceiling of the Maison of the banquets to the Palais of Whitehall. But its larger order was that of sixty fabrics for the hunting lodge, Torre of Parada of Philippe IV of Spain, (the metamorphoses). One can also quote the decoration of the Galerie Médicis with the Palais of Luxembourg, decorative cycle on the life of the queen of France, and widow of Henri IV, Marie de Médicis, painted between 1622 and 1625. In 1635-1636, Rubens will paint a " Judgment of Pâris" , directly elaborate starting from the " Judgment of Pâris" of Raphaël, engraved by Raimondi. The only difference, Rubens takes as a starting point the work seen out of mirror. It is this work of Raphaël, seen out of mirror, which will make it possible Picasso to paint its " Young ladies of Avignon" in 1907, painting which would have to carry like titrates: " The Judgment of Pâris".

When Marie de Médicis knew her ultimate exile, it is Rubens which collected it and which protected it until its end. Besides it finishes its life, two years after the death of the painter, in the native house of this one.

Rubens fell sick and its state worsened, until leading it to die in 1640. It was buried with the church Saint-Jacob (Sint-Jacobskerk) of Antwerp.

Importance

Rubens was not only one artist of reputation but also a diplomat and skilful negotiating, making of him a character then known in all Europe. Its from Antwerp workshop mobilizes very diverse talents, like Frans Snyders for animalist painting; his/her most important collaborators were Jacob Jordaens and Antoine Van Dyck. Its artistic fortune was immense, through an immense corpus of paintings and drawings: one of the painters having admired it more, Delacroix called it the “Homère of painting”, and Rubens incarnates the primacy of the color in the history of the European art of the 17th century, continuing in that the lesson of large Venetian and remaining one of the most important painters of Western art.

During the auction of the July 10th 2002 at Sotheby' S, the painting of Rubens “the Massacre of the innocent” was sold for a price of 60,98 million euros (that is to say 400 million F, 49,5 £ million, 76,2 million US$) to Lord Thomson.

As much of great painters, Pierre-Paul Rubens had a quantity of assistants . The characteristic of this situation comes owing to the fact that these assistants and collaborators were, for number of them, of great painters in their turn when they were not it already. The majority of the assistants of Rubens had precise tasks to carry out.

Works

  • 1610-1614: Erection of the cross (1610-1611) and the Deposition (1611-1614) for the Notre-Dame cathedral of Antwerp
  • v. 1616: Head of child (probably Clara Serena, the oldest daughter of the artist), oil on fabric assembled on wood, 33 X 26,3 cm. Vaduz, Liechtensteinische Staatliche Kunstsammlung.
  • v. 1627-1628: the virgin and the child trônant with the saints , draft for a retable, oils on wood, 80,2 X 55,5 cm. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Gemäldegalerie.
  • 1629-1630: Allegory on the blessings of peace , oil on fabric, 203,5 X 298 cm. London, National Gallery.
  • 1635-1636: the Judgment of Pâris , oil on fabric, 144 X 190cm, London, National Gallery.
  • v. 1639 Self-portrait , oil on fabric, 109,5 X 85 cm. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum.
  • 1616-1617: Deposition , 4,25 X 2,95 m, Lille, Museum of Beautiful arts. It was painted for the vault of the Capuchins of Lille. It is close to the version carried out for the cathedral of Antwerp.
  • v. 1617: Freedom of the Women
  • v.1640: Diane and her nymphs surprised by satyrs , oil on fabric, 128 X 314 cm, Madrid, Museum of Prado. This painting of Rubens will make it possible Paul Cézanne to work out " The Fight of amour".
  • the toilet of Venus , oil on fabric, 124 cm X 98 cm, Vaduz, Fürst. Lichtensteinische Gemäldegalerie (princely gallery of Liechtenstein)
  • v. 1617-1618: Worship of the magi , oil on fabric, 251 cm X 328 cm, with the Museum of the Art schools of Lyon.

Gallery Portraits

| Baudelaire, " the Headlights " , in Flowers of the evil }}

Its assistants

Figures

Animals

Landscapes

  • Jan Bruegel “of Velvet”
  • Jean Wildens
  • Martin Ryckaert

Others

  • Lambert Jacobsz
  • Cornelis of Your (1584-1651)
  • Simon of Your (1603-1676)

Pupils

  • Abraham van Diepenbeck (1599-1675)

Engravers

Rubens made reproduce its works by many engravers. Let us quote:
  • Christoffel Jegher
  • Willem Swanenburg
  • Jacob Matham
  • Soutman
  • Paul Dupont ( Pontius )
  • Witdoeck
  • Marinas
  • Boetius Adam Bolswert (Bolsward, 1580 - Antwerp, 1633)
  • Schelte Bolswert (Bolsward, ~1586 - Antwerp, 1659)

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