Pierre Nicole was a theologist and a French controversist, born the October 19th 1625 with Chartres, deceased the November 16th 1695 with Paris. He is regarded as one of the principal authors Jansenists

Biography

Pierre Nicole is the son of a lawyer of province, and the nephew of the poet Claude Nicole. The father of Pierre Nicole deals itself of the education and the instruction of his son, who is able, at 14 years, of reading in the text the works in Greek and Latin. At 17 years, in 1642, it goes to Paris to study the Philosophie, becomes Master be-Arts in 1644 and follows courses of Théologie in 1645 - 1646. He also studies the Hebrew , but gives up then because of the weakness of his sight.

He comes into contact with the monastery of Port-Royal-of-Fields via his aunt, Marie of the Suireau Angels, who is a time abbess of Port-Royal. He devotes part of his time to teach in the Petites schools of Port-Royal. He also studies Saint Augustin and Saint Thomas, which allows him, in 1649, to be received graduate in Théologie. However it does not obtain its license in theology, because of the disorders which agitate at this time the University about the Five proposals drawn from the Augustinus of Jansenius.

It is withdrawn then with Port-Royal-of-Fields, with the invitation of the leaders Jansenists, particularly of Antoine Arnauld, which saw in him somebody able to help it. To live unknown in the middle of the disorders of the capital, it takes the name of Rosny. During a few years, he thus teaches with young established boys and thus he learned the Greek with the future tragic actor Racine, but at the same time he took a great part in the collection of the materials which were to be used for Pascal to write his Provinciales that he translated into Latin in 1658, during a voyage in Germany, under the pseudonym of William Wendrock, while adding to it of the virulent notes of its own vintage.

If Nicole is naturally associated with Port-Royal, it did not share however all the opinions of the Jansenists. It wished over all to avoid playing a part in the civil wars . However, when he wants to enter the orders in 1676, the bishop of Chartres refuses, probably because of these relations, and he never went further than the simple tonsure. He writes in 1677 a letter with the pope Innocent XI to support the bishops of Saint-Pons and of Arras, in fight against the Casuiste S. That causes difficulties to him and he must leave the capital. He hides a time in the surroundings of Chartres, then of Beauvais, but he finally decides to leave France with dead duchess of Longueville, burning protective of jansénisme, in 1679. He then takes refuge with the Spanish Netherlands and saw a time with Antoine Arnauld with Brussels, then with the abbey of Orval, Liege and in other cities, by often changing name.

Towards 1683, M {{gr.}} of Harlay, the archbishop from Paris, to which it had sent a kind of retractation, authorizes it to return secretly to Chartres, then in Paris, where it takes again his ordinary occupations. At this point in time it completes its Essais of morals , which makes its reputation. It also takes part in two famous controversies, that of the Quiétisme where it supports the opinion of Bossuet against Fénelon, the other concerning the monastic studies, where it is side of Mabillon against Rancé. Its last years are remembered by the disease and the infirmity and he dies after a series of attacks of Apoplexie at the 70 years age.

Works

Pierre Nicole wrote with Antoine Arnauld the Logique of Port-Royal .

Its Tests of morals , formed of the laic generations of piles until the 19th century.

Source

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