Pierre Naville

Pierre Naville , writer and sociologist French (Paris, 1904 - Paris, 1993). Surrealist, communist then trotskist before joining PSU, it carries out in parallel of its political commitment a career of Sociologue of work.

Surrealist of the first hour

Wire of an easy banker of Geneva, it stops its studies to launch out in surrealist mobility.

In 1922, it founds with Philippe Soupault, Francis Gerard (Gerard Rosenthal), max Jacob, Louis Aragon, Blaise Cendrars and Mathias Lübeck the review of avant-garde the Hard-boiled egg .

Co-director with Benjamin Péret of the first three numbers of the surrealist revolution , it founds the Office of surrealist research (1924) and takes an active part in the surrealist experiments with André Breton. In 1926, it publishes a text entitled " The Revolution and the Intellectuals (Whom the surrealist ones can make) " , where it tries to make evolve surrealism to the Marxism. This text will cause a crisis within the surrealist movement which will lead to the distance of Naville, although the surrealist group undertook an evolution indeed in the sense that he had recommended.

Policy with the extreme left

Of its studies to the Sorbonne, it keeps bonds with Georges Politzer and Henri Lefebvre of which it shares the interest for the Marxisme. In 1926, it adheres to the Communist party where it ensures the direction of the review Clarté. It is followed soon by surrealist the Louis Aragon, André Breton, Paul Éluard, Benjamin Péret and Pierre Unik, which adheres in 1927.

It belongs to the delegation which returns visit to Trotski to Moscow in 1927. It returns convinced by the theses of Trotski and will be excluded from there from the Party in 1928 for “deviationism”.

It takes part in the French life of the extreme left of orientation trotskist and in particular in its press. In spite of its engagement at Trotski in exile at the sides of, it will be little by little disappointed by the positions of this one and breaks with the current in 1939. Captive fact in 1940 then released in 1941, it resumes its studies of philosophy, becomes professional careers adviser before entering to CNRS.

It will then animate the attempts to create a Marxist left, removed from the Stalinist deviations, of which the international Review.

While passing by the unit Socialist party (known as “first PSU”), it will continue to seek a modern left in the Socialist party of left (PSG) then UGS before taking part in the foundation of PSU under the 5th Republic.

There there will remain faithful in spite of its opposition to “realistic” (Gilles Martinet, Michel Rocard) and will express a total rejection of François Mitterrand.

Social psychology of work

Named Research director at CNRS (1947), he works with Georges Friedmann with the Center of sociological studies, devoting his work to the social psychology of work, being studied of automation, of the industrial society, with the psychology of the behavior.

It is also interested in the strategists and theorists of the war, in particular Clausewitz, whose it supervises the translation and publishes complete work.

Works

Surrealist

Queens of the left hand , 1924.

Policies

the Revolution and the intellectuals , 1926
black Jacobins. All Saints' day Louverture and the Revolution of Santo Domingo , 1949 (translation of the work of C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins , 1938).
the War of Vietnam , 1949.
New Léviathan , 1957-1975.
the Army and the State in France , 1961.
alive Trotsky , 1962.
the Working class and the mode gaullist , 1964.
the Inter-war period , 1976.
Self-management and planning , 1980.

Sociological

Of the War , translated of Carl Von Clausewitz, with Denise Naville and Camille Rougeron
Psychology, behavioral science , 1942. ISBN 2070350266
D' Holbach and scientific Philosophy at the XVIIIe century , 1943, republication 1968 ISBN 207024699X
Theory of the vocational guidance , 1945. ISBN 2070352706
Psychology, Marxism, materialism , 1948.
future China , 1952.
working Life and its problems , 1954.
Test on the qualification of work , 1956.
the Treaty of sociology of work , 1961-1962.
Towards the social automatism , 1963. ISBN 2070247015
the State contractor: the case of the control Renault , with Jean-Pierre Bardou, Phlippe Brachet and Catherine Levy, 1971.
Self-management and Planification , 1980.
Sociology of today , 1981.
Control of wage-earning , 1984.

Others

Its Memories (the Time of surreal), 1977.
imperfect Memories (the Time of the wars), 1987.

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