Pierre Messmer , born the March 20th 1916 with Vincennes in the Valley-of-Marne and dead the August 29th 2007 with the military hospital of the Valley-of-Grace to Paris, is a Politician French, chancellor of the Ordre of the Release, honorary chancellor of the Institute of France and member of the French Academy. Engaged in the Free French Army, it had been after war, colonial administrator, Minister for the Armies of 1960 with 1969 of the general de Gaulle, Minister for Outre-mer in 1971 then Prime Minister of 1972 with 1974 with in the chair Georges Pompidou. He was also mayor of Sarrebourg of 1971 with 1989.

Youth and formation

Born in an Alsatian family which had chosen the France in 1871, wire of the industrialist Joseph Messmer, Pierre Messmer studies at the Massillon school and the Charlemagne college. Patented National school of France of Overseas (1934 - 1937), graduate of the School of the Eastern languages (1934 - 1936), it obtains its Doctorat in right in 1939. He was also militant with the French Action.

Second world war

Mobilized in 1939, he is second lieutenant with the 12th regiment of Senegalese Tirailleurs he joined Marseilles where he embarks in June 1940 with Jean Simon on the Capo Olmo , a requisitioned Italian boat, that he helps to divert on Gibraltar then England to join the free French Forces.

Officer in the 13 {{E}} half-brigade of Foreign legion, it takes part in the combat in Érythrée, in Syria, with the Bataille of Bir Hakeim, in the campaigns of Tunisia. He joined London and the staff of the Général Koenig, commander-in-chief of the French Forces of the interior. In August 1944, it unloads in Normandy and takes part in the Libération of Paris and the countryside of France, a great number being killed after Algerian independence. Messmer if he assumed his role, will be always denied the charges of a responsibility for its share or that for the government in the massacre for the harkis. More recently, it will be also reproached to him for having authorized the formation by French officers of South American soldiers in the Sixties and beginning of the year 70 with the " techniques" tested in Algeria of fight against revolutionary or clandestine movements. After the departure of De Gaulle, in 1969, it founds association “Presence of the gaullism”, then after the election of Pompidou, he becomes Minister for the departments and overseas territories.

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