See also: Flourens
Marie Jean Pierre Flourens , born with Maureilhan the April 13rd 1794 and died in Montgeron the December 6th 1867, is a Médecin and biologist French, regarded as one of the founders of the Neurosciences Expérimental be. He played also a great part in the development of the Anesthésie.
Biography
Pierre Flourens makes his studies of medicine to Montpellier and follows in particular the courses of Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (1778-1841). He obtains his title of Doctor of medicine in 1813 but he prefers to devote himself to his passion, the Natural history, and goes the following year to Paris provided with letters of introduction addressed to Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829), Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772-1844) and Antoine Portal (1742-1832).Flourens engages then in research on the Physiologie of the Nervous system and knows a beginning of scientific and intellectual notoriety, as in témoinge its invitation by the Athénée of Paris giving a series of course on the physiological theory of the feelings, in 1821. Starting from 1825, its work concerns the effects of surgical lesions of the nervous system. By studying with precision the consequences on the Behavior, the Motricity or the Sensitivity of lesions applied to the brain of Rabbit S, Flourens wants to check the theory of the cerebral Localisationnisme according to which the brain would be composed of implied distinct areas each one in a function Mental E specific. Its expertise is worth to him to be called by the Academy of Science to slice the debate, active by the emperor Napoleon i, bearing on the Phrénologie of Franz Gall, whose Scientificité is disputed more and more. On the basis of conclusion of Flourens, the Academy finally decides to judge the Phrénologie like unfounded scientifically.
Flourens is elected member of the Academy of Science in 1828 and succeeds the Collège de France with Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), which bound of friendship with him. It is also Flourens which compensates it for the national Muséum of natural history. In 1830, Cuvier makes him allot the courses of human anatomy to the Natural history museum before receiving the pulpit of Antoine Portal. Into 1838, Flourens changes pulpit and obtains that of compared physiology.
It then starts a political career as a Député of the Herault in 1838. But its ambitions are of short duration, and it is beaten in 1839.
Its intellectual success is more glorious: it receives many decorations and honorary titles. In 1840, it is elected, in front of Victor Hugo, with the French Academy. Six years later, Louis-Philippe the Even fact of France. July 2nd 1847, it is received with the Académie of Rouen and in 1855, it obtains the pulpit entitled " natural history of the organized bodies " with the Collège de France.
After a Attack, in 1864, it is withdrawn from any public activity and dies two years later.
Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens was the father of Emile Flourens (1841-1920), Foreign Minister of the Third Republic (1886 - 1888), and of Gustave Flourens (1838-1871), holder of the pulpit of Anthropologie at the Collège de France (but which was interdict of teaching at the request of the Catholic church), “republican red”, opponent of Napoleon III and Général of the Commune of Paris, killed on the barricades in 1871.
External bonds
- bibliographical Biography and reference to the numerical sources in project VLP of the Institute max Planck of history of sciences
- Biographical note and bibliographical of the French Academy
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