Pierre Broué is a historian and militant trotskist French, born with Privas (Ardèche) in 1926, died with Grenoble (Isere) the July 26th 2005.

Militant course

Doctor be-letters, he was also an trade-union activist in the teaching world; he was professor in Paris region then with the Institut of political studies of Grenoble.

Born in a republican family, its first political commitment is done during the German Occupation within youths of the PCF then clandestine, from which it will be excluded. But it is already influenced by Leon Trotsky of which it discovered work at one of its professors of history, Elie Reynier. This last was militant with the CGT, in FEN with Pierre Monatte and with the Ligue of the Human rights; at the summer 1940, the old militant-pedagog is assigned with residence, where it invites the high-school pupil to pick in his library, to plunge itself in the books of Marc Bloch, Georges Lefebvre and the Histoire of the Russian Revolution of Leon Trotsky.

He goes up to Paris for studies of khâgne. He takes the route of the Résistance. After contacts with the WALL (plain Movements of resistance, grouping gaullists and Socialists), Pierre Broué, who wants to fight more resolutely, adheres to a cell of PCF. Shocked by the reversals of jacket of the Release, it intervenes in its cell against the watchword “To each one its boche” and is made exclude for Trotskysme, although it is not it yet.

In 1944, it meets the militants of the Communist party internationalist (NCV), of Michel Raptis known as Pablo , in the process of reconstitution, by the fusion of the two currents which were the POI (Parti working internationalist) and the CCI (communist Comité internationalist), that is to say 700 members, and militates in his center. It will be during more than forty years one of the most important intellectuals of the “current lambertist” within the movement trotskist.

At the end of the years 1940, it is one of the leaders of Communist youths Internationalists and will belong to a delegation in camp of summer in Yugoslavia, then in rupture with the USSR. Pierre Broué belongs to the majority which, with Marcel Bleibtreu, Pierre Lambert and Daniel Renard, opposes Pablo which wants to force the NCV to bury its positions and its history to launch out in the Entrisme in the PCF, and is made exclude from the IVe Internationale in 1952. At that time, Pierre Broué, become professor of college, moves away from Ardeche: he teaches with Nyons in Drome then share with Beaune in Coast-in Or, and thereafter with Montereau. In 1953, it supports its Diploma of Higher learning, devoted to a historian ardéchois of the French revolution, Paul Mathieu Laurent, entitled: a Saint-Simonian in the political arena: Laurent of Ardeche, 1848-1852 . This last had undertaken in 1828 to refute the official story on the Revolution. It is the first important historical work of Pierre Broué, who will sign the same year his first booklet for the Communist Organization Internationalist (OCI) on the situation in Bolivia.

The group of excluded, which separates itself from Marcel Bleibtreu, Michel Lequenne and some others in 1955, becomes the “Lambert Group”, with very reduced manpower (50 people). But the group is in contact with personality like Messali Hadj, of the leaders of FO, or André Marty, leader who has just been excluded from the Communist party. In the years which follow, Broué is with Robert Chéramy one of the principal persons in charge of the NCV in SNES, initially in the majority, then in the tendency émancipée École, of which it is in 1964 chief candidate in his discipline.

With the re-entry of 1965, it takes the direction of the university education and becomes assistant then professor of modern history to the Institut of political studies of Grenoble, in 1965-66. It organizes the OCI in the area and forms a generation of militants, whom one will find after May 68 with the UNEF-US (and close organizations like AJS and the IRON) and later for some with the PS.

In 1969, it is one of the actors of the scission of the émancipée School, between historical EE “running” and the EE- working single Front (FUO), directed by the OCI. Then it is formation of the Steering Committee for the Rebuilding of IVe Internationale (the CORQI). But, overworked and less in phase with Lambert, it leaves the political office in 1973 then the central committee of the OCI in 1975. The OCI fights for union PS-PCF and the “working single face”.

It is excluded from the NCV, which succeeded the OCI in 1982, in May 1989. It animates since 1990 the review the Marxism today and collaborated in Démocratie & Socialisme .

He is the father of the mathematician Michel Broué, born in 1946 of Simone Charras, girl of a professor of the college of young girls of Deprived, whose his/her mother was director. The father of Pierre Broué was him civil servant of the taxes.

The historian

Its contributions very documented to the history of the labor movement and socialist count among most important of the second part of the 20th century.

In parallel, it continues its work of historian and publishes the Revolution and the war of Spain , from which it wrote the first part, that which goes until the crushing of the revolution in the Second Republic Spanish. Emile Témime, thereafter historian of the town of Marseilles and the migrations, wrote the second part, that of the war which follows the attempt at Revolution, which is thus lost in front of the Franquistes. Pierre Broué is also at the origin of many republications and forewords: the ABC of the Communism of Boukharine and Preobrajensky at Maspero (dice before 68, included in the “small Maspero collection”), the Soviets in Russia of Anweiler Oscar with the NRF in 1972, the file of the Lawsuit of Moscow at Julliard in 1964, that of the Chinese Question in the International Communist at EDI in 1965, and a beginning of edition of all the texts of its congresses (two volumes published in 1969 and 1970, at EDI).

In 1963, it publishes the Party Bolshevik where it explains the elimination of the generation of Lénine by the Stalinist ones, which makes PCUS a party not having more anything to see with the revolutionary party of 1917. It denounces there the crimes of Stalinism and its errors, already pointed finger in its work of 1961. This denunciation remained a constant in its work:

“If the trotskystes had been " sectaires" unrepentant or of the " rêveurs" utopians, half-compartments of reality, does one really believe that it would have been necessary, to come to end from their existence - which was in itself already a form of resistance - to massacre them until the last with Vorkouta? On can the million prisoners released from the concentration camps after the death of Stalin, (...) the surviving trotskystes amount on the fingers of only one hand? Is this really by chance? ”

In 1967 is published at Minuit the communist Movement in France , choice of articles of Leon Trotsky on France, with an important critical apparatus and presentations of Pierre Broué. In 1969, its third wife Andree, and mother of four children with Pierre Broué, translated in 1969 the first volume of the Revolution Bolshevik of the English historian Edward Hallett Carr, which one cannot dissociate from work of her husband.

In 1972, it publishes its major work the Revolution in Germany (1917-1923) , which was also its thesis, obtained in spite of the political hostility of the president of jury Annie Kriegel, where it shows the reality of revolutionary confrontations in the middle of Europe.

It founds in 1977 the Institute Leon Trotsky, with many English militants or historians like Michel Dreyfus, which assigns for goal the edition of complete works of Leon Trotsky and the publication of Cahiers Leon Trotsky ; 27 volumes of works are appeared the alive one of Broué. In 1980, Pierre Broué was one of the first to be penetrated in Hougthon Library of Harvard (the United States), when the files of Trotsky are open.

Without ceasing working on the Stalinism, it followed all the events of the world politics. He wrote works on the “putsch of Moscow” in 1991, on the Brésil of Collor and of the Partido back Trabalhadores , on the ex- the USSR, the ex- international communist Mouvement. He writes Meurtres with the maquis , delivers on the assassination of trotskists in the maquis of the High Loire by Stalinist French, with Raymond Vacheron.

Its last major work was Histoire of the International Communist, 1919-1943 , nourished opening of the files of the USSR.

Works

• the Revolution and the war of Spain with Emile Témime, Midnight, 1961, rééd. 1996 (translated into 10 languages).

• '' the Party Bolshevik - history of the PC of the USSR '', Midnight, 1963.
• Trotsky , Beech, 1988.
• Trotsky with Alain Dugrand, Payot, 1988.
• Leon Sedov, wire of Trotsky victim of Stalin , Editions of the Workshop, 1993.
• Stalin and revolution - Spanish case , Editions Beech, 1993.
• When the people revoke the president: Brazil of the business Collor , Harmattan, 1993.
• Rakovsky , Beech, 1996.
• History of the International Communist, 1919-1943 , Beech, 1997.
• Foreword with Soviets in Russia - 1905-1921 , work of Oskar Anweiler (translated by Serge Bricianer), Gallimard, 1997.
• Murder with the maquis , with Raymond Vacheron, Grasset, 1997.
• Communist against Stalin - Massacre of a generation, Beech, 2003.
• political Memories , Beech, October 2005.

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