Pierre Bayle (Carla-the-Count, today Carla-Bayle , Ariège, November 18th, 1647 - Rotterdam, December 28th, 1706) is a Philosophe and writer French.

Biography

He was born with Carla-the-Count (now Carla-Bayle), close to Pamiers in Ariège, second wire of modest Pasteur Protesting. Informed by his father, he learns the Greek and the Latin . Because of the poverty of its family it must await the end of the studies of his brother to follow a course to the small Protestant college of Puylaurens.

In 1669, it enters to the university of the Jesuit S of Toulouse, and converts with the Catholicisme. After seventeen months, it abjures and returns to the Protestantisme, it takes refuge with Geneva in 1670, where it learns the lesson from Rene Descartes and undertakes studies of Théologie. It adopts, to live, the trade of tutor.

It returns in France and during a few years writes under the name of Bêle and works like tutor in various families of Rouen and Paris. In 1675 on the authorities of his/her friend Henri Basnage de Beauval, it presents its candidature for the Académie of Sedan, where, at the conclusion of a contest and partly thanks to the support of his future enemy Pierre Jurieu, it is named with the pulpit of philosophy.

In 1681, the university of Sedan is closed, but almost immediately after Bayle is named professor of philosophy and of history to the École Rotterdam Illustrates. It publishes in 1682 its famous Pensées on the comet and its critic of the work of Louis Maimbourg on the history of Protestantism. Its great reputation causes the desire of his/her colleague Pierre Jurieu who writes a book on the same subject.

In 1684, Pierre Bayle begins only the publication of its newspaper of literary criticism Nouvelles of the republic of the letters , which obtained in all the Europe a rapid success. In 1690 appears a important Avis to the refugees preaching the freedom of religion and the tolerance, which causes the anger of Pierre Jurieu and that of the bishop of Rieux.

At the time of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, it fights in its writings the intolerance of Louis XIV, but at the same time it compromises by its attacks all the Christian communions. Its enemies, with the head of which one finds Jurieu, do it for this reason, after a long quarrel, to deprive of its pulpit in 1693 with the reason of irreligion and complicity with the king of France.

That it gene not particularly during the preparation of sound historical and critical Dictionary , major work which precedes the Encyclopedia. This Dictionnaire wants to be like the correction of the errors of the authors of the preceding dictionaries. True labyrinth this dictionary is composed of encased articles the ones with the others, of many notes and quotations. In a certain Bayle way in this dictionary the hypertext practices before the hour and one moves in his dictionary in a way rather similar to that used to sail on the Fabric nowadays. The principal teaching of Bayle, through a wrongfully erratic thought and vagrant, being that the world is never reduced to a vision manichéenne and supposes the permanent crossing from the points of view and the contradictory opinions.

Jurieu denounces it with the consistory like irreligious person, and Prince d' Orange, become king d' Angleterre like enemy of the State and secret partisan of France. But thanks to the protection of Lord Shaftesbury, he escapes this time the blows from his persecutors. The last years of Bayle are devoted to various writings, coming in many case criticisms made on its Dictionnaire , which he seeks the remainder of his life to develop. He dies in exile with Rotterdam in 1706.

Bayle is especially known like Sceptique. In its Dictionary , it enjoys to exhume the most paradoxical opinions and to strengthen them new arguments, without however acknowledging them for its own account; by the incredulity which reigns in its writings, it cleared the way with Voltaire.

In 1906, a statue in its honor was set up with Pamiers like “repair of a long lapse of memory”.

Publications

• Thought on the comet (1682), in which, at the time of one of these meteors which had just appeared, it tackled the vulgar prejudice which saw one there predicts alarming.
• Critical of the history of the Calvinism of the Father Maimbourg (1683);
• very catholic France under the reign of Louis-The-Large (1685);
• Of the tolerance (1686);
• philosophical Comment on these words of Jesus-Christ: " Force to them entrer" (1688)
• historical and critical Dictionary (1st edition in 1697, 2 folio volumes, edition of 1702, 3 folio volumes, edition of Adrien-Jean-Quentin Beuchot, 16 volumes in-8, 1820 - 1824);
• Answers to the questions of provincial a , 6 volumes, in-8, Rotterdam, 1704 - 1706;
• various Works . $the Hague, 4 folio volumes. 1727.

Quotations

• “Almost all the people of the world hold their wives in a species of captivity. ”

• “It is not stranger than a sharp atheist virtuously than it is strange only one Christian goes to all kinds of crimes. ” (Pierre Bayle/1647-1706/ Thought over the comet , 1682)

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