Physical education and sporting

The physical education and sporting or simply the physical education , or familiarly indicated by the initials EPS , is the name given to teaching Sport yew and/or Physique within the school framework in particular in the Education system French. It is thus a practice of intervention and a Discipline of teaching.

It is a discipline which privileges the expression of the body. It thus constitutes an effective vector of education in complement of the other school disciplines.

Situation in the world

European Union

For Europe, a recommendation (2003/6) highly encourages the installation and the practice in the 25 Convention countries. This directive proposes three hours per week for all the courses of study and invites not to develop an physical education too centered on the sporting event which discourages the weakest pupils.

France

Finalities

According to the official instructions: while resting on the sports activities or artistic, the EPS aims at the improvement of the physical, driving and organic capacities, the access to the field of the culture which the sporting and artistic physical-activities represent (APSA) and the acquisition of necessary competences to the maintenance of the physical life and citizen. She allows thanks to an improvement of coordinations socio-motor coaches and motor coaches (ergomotricity) a better adaptation of the man to her material and human environment. She contributes in a broader way to the transformation of the driving led of the pupils.

The programs of the Lycée direct the discipline towards the training of a citizen cultivated, lucid and autonomous (Official Instructions of the EPS to the college, BO n° 7 of August 31st, 2000). She contributes in a way very specific to education for health (fight against the Obésité and the conduits at the risk), education with the Citoyenneté, the Autonomie, the solidarity, the Sécurité and the Responsabilité. (extracted the decree of June 18th, 1996 relating to the programs of the EPS to the college)

Other designs of physical education exist, for example that centered on a “pedagogy of the driving led ” (Pierre Parlebas, 1981) or on a “conative pedagogy” (Gilles Bui-Xuân). Others still (Jacques Gleyse, Daniel Denis…) propose to make reach the pupils by the means of Physical education the inheritance (body) cultural of Humanity and not the only modern sports, thus finding the model for example literary culture or artistic or musical education in teaching.

Today Physical education and sporting school, contrary to the Sixties to eighty rejects more and more the reference to the sportsman of High-level (very negative image: easy money, doping, chicanery, cheating, spectacularisation…) to turn to the health and the balance of life, as in the majority of the European countries of the North of Europe (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Holland, Belgium…).

History

The EPS is a school discipline of obligatory teaching since 1880. It often changed ministry in charge: State education and of the Art schools (1880), State education (1905), War (1910), State education (1932), Health (1936), Youth and Sports (1966), spare Time (1974), Quality of the life (1976), Youth and Sports (1978) and State education since 1982.

The Gymnastic of the Third Republic

To train soldiers : The military exercises gymnic of the end of the XIXe century to the First World War had like ambition to train patriotic, strong individuals feeling of membership of a nation with the will to defend it.

To train professionals : Basic training for work.

To acquire a good health : Fight against the diseases, overwork and degeneration of the race. Psychic health.

To train citizens : For IIIe Republic, it is a question to establish a new social order to found a new mental order. Educational project based on the values of secularity, tolerance and relativism.

Physical education (1939-1962)

The sporting movement knew during the Occupation, a true expansion, especially structural; and became a business of the State whose influence will not be slackened any more.

After the release, the EP is attached to the ministry for Youth and the Sports. She still hesitates between an physical education general practitioner and tries incursions towards some sports.

Sporting education (1962-1981)

From the Sixties, under the pressure of the minister Maurice Herzog and very often against the opinion of the teachers and the researchers, the EP was institutionalized in an especially sporting physical education. It then takes again on its account tools that the Sport was forged to note progress. The attack of the specific objectives is appreciated by the quantified measurement of the achieved performances, they same possible by the increased control of codified and regulated sporting techniques. But very quickly this vision proves to be unsatisfactory in educational establishment. The concept of “control of the execution” will replace quickly for the only performance which does not take enough counts the academic progress of the pupil and calls of them too upon “given” and insufficiently the asset.

During the same period, many authors such Jean Boulch, Pierre Parlebas, Jean-Marie Brohm, Daniel Denis, dispute the sporting logic imposed by the government and certain frameworks of the ENSEPS boy. They propose on the contrary a complete, ludic and artistic education driving.

Physical education and sporting (since 1981)

From 1981 (under the presidency of François Mitterrand), the management of the teachers of EPS reinstates the State education, and must thus officially conform to the school, place of transmission of knowledge par excellence. The multiplication of the sporting and artistic Physical-activities also forces to teach the comprehension of the driving action rather to make it possible the pupil to adapt it to any new situation.

In France, the EPS is a discipline strongly structured in the schools, in the departments as on the national plan. It belongs initially to the school field, but it is largely open on the sectors known as civil, by the means of the school sports associations, which organize footbridges towards outside, meetings sporting or not (dance) and competitions.

In the secondary (College and colleges) and in higher education (universities) the majority of the professors of EPS contribute to the activities of A.S. and for primary school education (nursery school and primary education), they are the professors of Ecoles (teachers) with the assistance of territorial teachers (ETAPS) who ensure operation. Animations and the competitions proceed within the framework of associations attached to the State:

Primary (Schools): Sporting union of Primary school education (USEP) for public education and the Sporting General union of Free Teaching (UGSEL) for Secondary private education
(colleges and colleges): National union of the School Sport (ONES) for public education and UGSEL for Higher private education
(universities): French federation of the university sport (FFSU).

Formation in France

The teachers of EPS of the secondary and superior must pass CAPEPS (Training certificate with the professorship of physical education and sporting), named thus since 1941. This contest is thus not a Training certificate of Secondary education (CAPES), therefore it requires, contrary to the other CAPES to have a specific license STAPS (Sciences and technology of the physical-activities and sporting).

The EPS also has an “external” contest of aggregation since 1982 (first contest of aggregation in 1983) (which requires obtaining a control or today, of a master 1). There exists also an “internal” competition of aggregation which allows the promotion of the teachers certified in particular since 1989. It will be noted that contrary to the other disciplines the stations are much more numerous in “internal aggregation” than in “external aggregation” what is due to some extent to youth of these tests in the field.

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