Philon of Athens is a Greek military engineer of the end of the 4th century/beginning of the 3rd century before Jesus-Christ. According to Vitruve, he would have worked with the temple of Cérès and Proserpine, with Eleusis. He wrote a treaty on the proportions of the temples now lost which one finds the mention in the work of Vitruve. This treaty constitutes a historical index for the study of the Notion of module.

It is in Philon of Athens that one also owes the Arsenal of Pirée, destroyed later by Sylla, and on which he wrote another treaty which still referred to the time of Vitruve. Plutarque spoke about this arsenal like unanimously admired building, one preserved of it a description engraved in a marble flagstone.

Philon of Athens also wrote a treaty of Poliorcétique. Books IV and V of Philon de Byzance would be only one adaptation or a summary. Philon of Athens would have taken as a starting point itself Aeneas, by adding to it the elements provided to the art of warfare by the conquests of Philippe and Alexandre.