Philippe V of Bourbon (Versailles, December 19th 1683 - Madrid, July 9th 1746), king of Espagnes and the the Indies (1700 - 1746). Born Philippe de France , Wire of France and duke of Anjou.

Second wire of the Large Dolphin and grandson of Louis XIV, it is initially titrated duke of Anjou. It is baptized in 1687 and receives in 1689 the duke of Saint-Aignan as governor. In 1690, it loses the Dauphine his/her mother, born Marie-Anne-Christine of Bavaria.

Spanish succession

At the end of years 1690 poses the problem known as of the Succession of Spain: Charles II of Spain, called el Hechizado (“bewitched”), is malingre and counterfeited, of very delicate health and without posterity. Before even its death, the European great powers try to be intended to adapt its kingdom. The stake is important: if the Spain went to the Bourbons, that would increase the already immense influence of Louis XIV. If the Spain went to the Habsbourg of Austria, the empire of Charles Quint would be reconstituted.

Finally, pressed by the cardinal Portocarrero, his main thing adviser, Charles II chooses the French solution. The October 2nd 1700, it makes of the young duke of Anjou his sole legatee, although the heir legitimates Spanish throne was his father the Large Dolphin (wire of the older sister of Charles II). In the event of died or from accession on the throne of France of the duke of Anjou, the Spanish crown was to return to the duke of Berry, then failing this with the Charles archduke (future Charles VI). Charles II dies on November 1st 1700.

The news comes from the November 9th according to Versailles. The November 16th 1700, Louis XIV announces at the court that it accepts the will of Charles II. This day remained famous. The king of France thus introduces his grandson, seventeen years old, who does not speak a Spanish word of : “Sirs, here the king of Spain! ”. Then he declares with his grandson: : “Is Spanish good, it is at present your first duty; but remember that you were born French to maintain the union between our two nations; it is the means of making them happy and of preserving the peace of Europe. ” Manor house back Rios, the Spanish ambassador, exclaims: “There are no more the Pyrenees! ”

All European monarchies, except the Empire, recognize the new king.

The arrival in Spain

The duke of Anjou leaves Versailles the December 4th, equipped with Instructions in 33 articles of Louis XIV summarizing the design of the capacity louis-quatorzienne. It arrives at Madrid the January 22nd 1701.

A few months later, the political errors accumulate:

  • First “error”, the Parlement of Paris preserved by Letters patent, the 1701, the rights of Philippe V to the crown of France: this decision poses, still today, the problem of the Succession to the throne of France.
  • Second error, always in February, Louis XIV, at the request of the Spanish council of regency, sends troops to occupy of the Dutch garrisons on the border of the Spanish Netherlands, garrisons installed under the terms of a bilateral treaty signed in 1698.
  • Third error, of the French settle at the important stations with Madrid. It is also Louis XIV who controls the marriage of Philippe V with Marie-Louise Gabrielle of Savoy, and gives for guide and will camarera mayor with the new couple a friend of Madam de Maintenon, frightening the princess of Ursins.

Consequently, the European crowns fear to see the Spain becoming a French protectorate. It is the War of succession of Spain.

Philippe V saves finally his throne thanks to the victories of Almansa of the Maréchal of Berwick in 1707, and of the marshal of Vendôme to Villaciosa and Brihuega, in 1710. The Traité of Utrecht confirms it in its rights, while forcing it to give up solemnly, for him and its descendants, with the crown of France (these renunciations, debatable from a legal point of view but recorded legally in the two countries, are one of the stones of obstacle of the quarrel between Orléanisme and Légitimisme). In French right of the time, the crown does not belong to the person of the king, it with the top of the royal person; consequently of what Philippe V could not then give up the crown, it did not have of it normally the right and in theory was obliged to accept it; in practice it gives up it because of the political problems that would have induced in Europe of the beginning of the XVIIIe century. Its crown also remains to him at the price of territorial losses, in particular Gibraltar, Minorque, and of the territories in Italy (His/her son Charles III of Spain will reconquer the kingdom of Naples and Sicily into 1738 before its accession with the throne). Spain remains then under French influence, via Jean Orry, in charge of finances, which leads a policy of administrative centralization to the Frenchwoman.

Reign

Married the 11/3/1701 with Figueres (Catalonia) with Marie-Louise of Savoy. From this union will be born:

  • Felipe-Shine of Spain (September 2nd, 1709 - September 8th, 1709)

  • Felipe Pedro Gabriel of Spain (June 7th, 1712 - December 29th, 1719)

  • Ferdinand VI of Spain, known as “the Wise one” (Madrid, September 23rd, 1713 - Villaviciosa de Odón, August 10th, 1759), king of Espagnes and the Indies (1746-1759).

Philippe V remarie, on December 24th 1714 with Guadalajara, with Elisabeth Farnèse, niece of the duke of Duchy of Parma, via the abbot Giulio Alberoni, cardinal future . The new queen makes nimbly return the princess of Ursins. Its Alberoni minister, who controls under hand the weak Philippe V, follows a policy who leads to a war against the France and the England, and it ends up being returned in 1719. From this union will be born:

In 1724, Philippe V abdicates in favor of his oldest son Louis, but the untimely death of this one, seven months later, the fact of girding the crown again. In March 1725, it breaks with the France which returns his/her daughter to him, Marie-Anne-Victoire de Bourbon (1718-1781), called the Infante-Queen , been engaged of Louis XV. Seven years old, it is too young to be mother, whereas France quickly needs a dolphin. Philippe V approaches Austria then, obtaining by the treaty of Seville of 1729 Parma and Plaisance for his sons. With leaving the War of succession of Poland, Spain makes use of it like currency of exchange and Habsbourg gives up with Charles wire of Philippe V Naples and the Sicily 1738, which had been lost with Utrecht. The Franco-Spanish bringing together is sealed by the marriage of a girl of Louis XV with one of wire of Philippe V.

Lastly, it engages at the sides of Prussia and France in the War of succession of Austria following the tensions born of maritime rise of the Spain. He dies the July 9th 1746. His/her son Ferdinand VI of Spain succeeds to him.

See too

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