Philippe Ier de France , born the May 23rd 1052, dead the July 29th 1108 with the castle of Melun in Seine-et-Marne, was king of the Francs of 1060 with 1108, fourth of the dynasty known as of the Capétiens directs.
He is the son of Henri I {{er}}, king de France, and of Anne of Kiev (see its ascent on three degrees).

First name

Philippe is undoubtedly the first prince in Western Europe to receive this first name which was going to remain until our days. It owes it with his mother, Anne of Kiev, whose back paternal grandfather Romain II, emperor of Constantinople, affirmed to go down from the kings of Macedonia.

Biography

Crowned in Rheims on May 23rd 1059 of living of his/her father, Philippe Ier only reigns only starting from 1066, because his/her uncle, the count de Flandre Baudouin V, assisted archbishop of Rheims Gervais de Belleme like, initially, of Anne of Kiev, exerts the regency of dead of Henri Ier in 1060 with 1066. He will be crowned several times in his reign, for example on December 25th, 1071, by the bishop of Laon Élinand, in the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Laon, like wanted it the habit of his time.

Under its reign take shape the broad outlines of the policy of the sovereigns capétiens of the 12th century: to ensure a real base the royal power by consolidating the field, and to lower or contain too the powerful vassal ones.

To increase the royal field, it seizes part of the Vermandois, Gâtinais (1068), French Vexin (1077), of the Viscount of Bourges and seigniory of Dun-the-King (1101). It develops the royal administration and, to ensure of the incomes the crown, has the goods of the Church and sells the ecclesiastical loads, which attracts the lightnings of the Gregorian reformers to him.

It supports, in 1071, Richilde, widow of the count de Flandre, and his Baudouin son against their brother-in-law and uncle, Robert the Clippings. Philippe east demolishes with the battle of Cassel in February but manages to take Saint-Omer in March and concludes peace with Robert whom he recognizes as count de Flandre, Baudouin having died with Cassel.

But during most of his reign, Philippe Ier fights to reduce the power of his vassal most frightening, William the Conqueror, duke of Normandy become king d' Angleterre in 1066. Philippe finds the support of Foulque IV Réchin, count d' Anjou and of Robert the Clippings, count de Flandre which also feels threatened by this too powerful neighbor. In order to consolidate its alliance with the Flanders, he marries Berthe of Holland (v. 1055 - † 1094), girl of Florent I {{er}} count de Hollande and of Gertrude of Saxony.

In 1076, Philippe inflicts a serious defeat with Guillaume with the foot of Fraud, in Brittany. The following year, extremely its victory, Philippe Ier seizes the Vexin French, possession of Simon de Crépy (wire of Raoul de Crépy, father-in-law of Philippe) who is made monk, with the châtellenies of Mantes and Pontoise. William the Conqueror gives up the Brittany and makes peace with Philippe Ist This last remainder however anxious of the Anglo-Norman threat. According to a policy which will be taken again by its successors, it will endeavor to develop the dissensions inside the family of the Conqueror.

In 1078, it takes party for Robert Courteheuse or Courtecuisse, the oldest son of Guillaume, who revolted against his father. After having entrusted the guard of the castle of Gerberoy, beside Beauvais, in Robert, it seems that Philippe 1st was turned over against this last. One finds it in 1079, besieging the castle in company of Guillaume who is wounded during the seat. A little later Robert Courteheuse obtains the government of the Normandy. The king Capétien receives in reward the town of Gisors located on Right Bank of the Epte.

In February 1079, whereas the king winters in Etampes, bursts a rebellion of vassal direct of the king, carried out by Hugues Blavons, lord of Puiset. In spring the royal army is beaten with punts seams close to Puiset. The royal authority, deeply humiliated, will be restored in the sector only with the following generation.

In the years which follow the death of William the Conqueror, the September 9th 1087, whereas it tried to take to king de France French Vexin, Philippe helps Robert Courteheuse which tries to recover the throne of England which his/her brother, Guillaume II the Russet-red, inherited. This last tries, in reprisals, to take to him Vexin in the years 1097-1099, but fails during three successive campaigns.

In spring 1092, Philippe entiche of Bertrade de Montfort († 1117), the wife of Foulque IV Réchin. He then repudiates Berthe of Holland and remarie with Bertrade de Montfort the May 27th 1092. The October 16th 1094, the council of Autun where thirty-two bishops are brought together pronounces the Excommunication of the king.

Come to France to spread the Gregorian reform and to again excommunicate the king, the pope Urbain II, the November 27th 1095, sermon the First crusade with the council of Clermont. Struck anathema, the king does not take part in the Croisade whose Hugues de Vermandois, his brother is one of the main actors with also, Raimond IV of Toulouse.

From 1098, Philippe leaves the care of the operations on the ground with his son Louis VI which it associated with the crown.

After a controversy about the agent of évêché of Beauvais, between 1100 and 1104, Philippe reconciles himself with papacy and is exonerated in 1104. In 1107, the pope Pascal II goes to France where it meets Philippe and the future Louis VI in Saint-Denis. Alliance between the kingdom of France and papacy against the Empire then is definitively sealed for one century.

The July 29th 1108, Philippe Ier dies in the royal castle of Melun after forty-eight years of reign (the longer third reigns of the French history after those of Louis XIV (1643-1715) and Louis XV (1715-1774) which have both reign more than fifty years). Not wanting, because of its faults, being buried beside its ancestors in the basilica of Saint-Denis, he asked to be buried in the abbey of Fleury to the Saint-Benoit-on-Loire. His/her son Louis VI which one will call the Large , old of twenty-seven years, succeeds to him. His wife Bertrade de Montfort, at thirty-eight years, takes the veil with the Abbaye of Fontevraud.

Descent

Union with Berthe of Holland result:

• Constancy (1078 - † v. 1125) wife of Hugues I {{er}} of Champagne, then of Bohémond I {{er}} of Antioche
• Louis (1081 - † 1137)
• Henri (young 1083-death)
• Charles (young 1085-death)
• Eudes (young 1087-death)

Second union with Bertrade de Montfort result:

• Philippe (v. 1093 - † apr. 1129), count de Mantes, married with the girl of GUI II of Montlhéry
• Fleury (v. 1093 - † v. 1147)
• Cecile (v. 1097 - † apr. 1145), married to Tancrède de Hauteville, then with Pons of Tripoli
• Eustachie (born v. 1100), married to a nonknown date with Jean, count d' Étampes