Philip Marheineke

See also: Buckwheat

The Sarrasins are the denomination of the people of Moslem confession during the medieval time, as seen since the Europe; it is particularly employed during the Croisades and the Renaissance. Correspondent with a simplified vision of the Christian Occident medieval, this name does not reflect the diversity of the people of the world arabo-Moslem, which enters them were indicated differently: the word Sarrasin is thus a Ethnonyme of the type Orientaliste.

The charismatic figure of the chief “Mahométan” Saladin, which took again Jerusalem with the Croisés, durably impressed the Occident which associated it with the armies sarrasines.

Origin of the buckwheat term

The buckwheat term comes from Arabic شرقيين sharqiyyīn (" orientaux") who gave sarakenoi in Greek old. One finds it in the first three centuries the Roman classic authors of the modern era where it indicated an Arab tribe of the peninsula of the the Sinai. It was used with the Moyen-âge by the Westerners to indicate all the tribes arabo - Berbères. Buckwheats make irruption in the western world during the invasion of the south-west of the France, pushed back by Charles Martel with Poitiers into 732. After the establishment of the first Caliphate, and in particular at the time of the Crusades, it is used to indicate any subject of the caliph of Moslem confession. He is extended in particular to the Muslim populations of Sicily and Italy of the South, where he becomes later synonymous with Pirate (see also: “Barbaresque”).

According to Jean Damascène ( Of the Heresies ), the " term; Sarrasin" is to be brought closer to Sarah: the legend wants that the Arab S are the descendants of Abraham by Agar. However, this one was returned " the hands vides" by Sarah ( ek your Sarras kenous ) (cf Genesis 21,10-14).

The term of “empire buckwheat” is used in the old historical literature to indicate the caliphates Omeyyade and Abbasside.

The Barbarian of the Carolingian Empire

Buckwheats, by their sudden sudden appearance on the grounds of the frank Kingdoms, marked by their exoticism the warriors of the Carolingian Empire. This vague term corresponds, in the context of the battles carried out by the Carolingians, with any pagan enemy with which they are confronted, which it is:

  • the Moors of Al-Andalūs without distinction (separation between morros and sarracenos present in the Chroniques Mozarabs is not present any more);

  • the people of the Pyrenean mountains which are not called yet Basques (the French Historiographie will retrospectively assimilate the term of Buckwheat employed for the tribes attacking Roland in his chanson de geste while speaking about an alliance between Al-Andalūs and the Basque valleys);
  • or pagan populations moved back of Arpitanie, tardily rêtives with the Christianization;
    • Another similar form: Paganism in the Eastern Alps, (), persistence of the ancient Rhétie and the forms of local beliefs.

The term of Buckwheat finally crystallizes on the opposition with the enemy in the context of the Croisades carried out by the Christian Occident Holy Land as on the Steps cut on Al-Andalus. If the Baltic Croisades do not make use of the term, it is that it is absent from context of the Germanic language of the teutonic Chevaliers and their allied orders.

See too

References

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