Philharmonic society of Berlin
The Philharmonie of Berlin ( Berliner Philharmonic society ) is a whole of two rooms of Concert S located in the center of Berlin, integrating a concert hall symphonic conceived by Hans Scharoun and inaugurated in 1963, and a room of chamber music carried out by Edgar Wisniewski according to a project of Scharoun and inaugurated in 1987. It is the seat of the Philharmonic orchestra of Berlin.
The extremely innovative design of the big room in did one of the most famous concert halls in the world, and it had a great influence on the construction of the auditoriums at the 20th century. The room of chamber music, built a quarter century later, is based on the same principles.
History
The Philharmonie of Bernauer Straße is destroyed by a Bombardement with the beginning of the year 1944. It was about old a Patinoire transformed into concert hall for the Philharmonic orchestra of Berlin in the Années 1890. The concerts of the orchestra are transferred to the Staatsoper until in 1945. After the end of the war, they take place in Titania-Palast, an old cinema transformed into concert hall, and Beethovensaal, but the situation of the orchestra remains precarious, and the idea is essential that a new room must be built to accommodate one of the most prestigious orchestras of Germany.In 1949, Gesellschaft der Freunde der Berliner Philharmonic society e.V. (Company of the friends of the Philharmonic society of Berlin) is created to gather funds and to make build a new room. The decision is however long in coming, the project of the architect Hans Scharoun is finally selected. It is integrated in the Kulturforum of West Berlin, located close to the Mur, with in particular Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin de Scharoun and Neue Nationalgalerie of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
The first stone is posed the August 13rd 1961, and the room is inaugurated the October 15th 1963 by an interpretation of the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven, with Gundula Janowitz, Sieglinde Wagner, Luigi Alva and Otto Wiener. The room was quickly called by the Berliners “ Zirkus Karajani ”, in reference to Circus Sarasani of pre-war period and by reference to the supposed pride of Herbert von Karajan, musical director of the orchestra, which had played a great part in the choice of Scharoun.
The Logotype of the Philharmonic orchestra of Berlin, adoptee at that time, presents three pentagon S overlapping; it thus marks the association of the orchestra with the room, pentagonal, and takes again the word of Scharoun according to which its musical project associated space, music, the Man ().
Starting from 1984, Edgar Wisniewski, raises of Scharoun, builds a room of Chamber music according to a draft of Scharoun and conceived according to the same principles. It is inagurée the October 28th 1987 by an interpretation of the Four Seasons of Vivaldi by the violonist Anne-Sophie Mutter and of the musicians of the orchestra directed by Karajan, in the presence of the federal Chancelier Helmut Kohl.
Structure
The big room
The big room is a kind of capital in form of pentagon, broad of sixty meter and major of fifty. In the center is the podium, itself in the form of slightly crushed pentagon; the spectators are installed around in several groups of steps which rise towards the walls. The fitting is asymmetrical and irregular, as if it were the product of nature, and must even evoke a small valley with terraces of Vigne. Moreover, much of “terraces” are not exactly Horizontal are and lean slightly, which shows the importance of the maritime universe in the work of Scharoun, native of Bremen; this is also found in the color of the walls, out of very dark ocher wood, which evokes those of a cabin on board a ship.
This design, in addition to which it is one of the best illustrations of the “organic Architecture” of Scharoun, makes it possible to attenuate the distinction between the musicians and the spectators; they constitute nothing any more but one community of music lovers, concentrated on the Musique which is put at the center of space. The idea was suggested by it in Scharoun by the vision of walkers being put in round to listen to a musician.
The room comprises two thousand four hundred and forty sitted places: approximately thousand three hundred front the orchestra, two hundred and seventy behind, three hundreds on each side, and approximately two hundreds on the podium even, possibly occupied by a chorus.
The volume of air per spectator is one of highest world, 10 Mr. Cependant, the fitting of the steps makes it possible each spectator to remain close to the musicians, the distance between the places most moved away and the podium being twenty-eight meters. The Acoustique is regarded as excellent; even the least expensive places, located in height or at the bottom of the last steps, make it possible to enjoy very a good quality of sound at the same time as to see the Orchestre. Wood is used as much as possible, and of large panels are laid out in corolla above the podium, with a whole of lamps of irregular volume and height.
A Orgue is installed on the right podium, on the level of the last steps.
The room is equipped with a cabin of recording, located in height on the left of the podium, and makes it possible to record or film a concert or of the retransmettre on line to the radio or the Télévision, like using the room like studio of recording. When a concert is filmed, the podium is elevated.
The room of chamber music
The room of chamber music ( Kammermusiksaal )
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