Philanthropy
Of the Greek philosophies (friendly), and anthropos (man), the philanthropy is the philosophy or doctrines of life which puts humanity at the foreground of her priorities. A philanthropist seeks to improve the fate of his similar by gifts silver, the foundation or supports of works, etc, in a not involved way. Philanthropy is opposed to the Misanthropie.
Causes and motivations of philanthropy
- religious causes: importance of the gift in many religions
- the Puritanisme Protesting encourages asceticism and refuses the luxury. He also insists on the value of work.
- philanthropy makes it possible to the giver to leave his name to the posterity: to the United States for example, many university buildings and galleries in the museums bear the name of a philanthropist.
- philanthropy makes it possible to constitute a network of relations and to acquire a notority in the business world.
Philosophical vision of philanthropy
Philanthropy is not always seen like a universal good. Philanthropy can lead the man to a state of passivity.
Political vision of philanthropy
The philantropie has as a design liberal solidarism, each one is free to engage, help the other, it does not have there a constraint. The church has an important place in this action, (the laymen also engage).
The Gouvernement S often support the philanthropic acts. In many countries, the people giving of the money profit from a reduction of Impôt.
Famous philanthropists
- Baron Taylor (1789-1879). Large traveller, draftsman, literary man, inspector of the Art schools, administrator of the French Comédie… It played a pioneer part in the movement French mutualist. Untiring guard of arts and the letters, several mutual aid associations are based with its initiative, gathering industrial writers, musicians, painters, inventors, and even of the members of public education and private.
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John Davison Rockefeller (1839-1937), American oil tycoon: it created in 1913 the Fondation Rockefeller, intended to promote scientific progress in all the countries of the world. This one at the time made it possible to develop the black schools in the south of the the United States. Founded division “Humanités” in 1928 encourages the safeguarding of the Archives which bear its name, the Carnegie Libraries (most known is the New York Public Library ). It financed 65 additional libraries in the town of New York to the fight against the diseases and the Analphabétisme in the Countries of the South. The foundation Spoil, created in 2000, already spent 9,26 billion dollars, to vaccinate 55 million children in particular.
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Warren Buffett announced Sunday June 25th 2006 its intention to give some 37 billion dollars, that is to say 29,6 billion euros, with charitable organizations directed by her friend Bill Gates and members of his own family. This decision, which relates to more than 80% of its fortune, constitutes the largest individual donation ever carried out with the the United States preceding very largely the others philantropes of the history.
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Richard Branson, owner of Virgin
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Pierre Omidyar, founder of EBay, supports the microcrédit in Bangladesh.
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the companies also take part in philanthropy: in 2006, the company Exxon Mobil devoted 80 million dollars to philanthropic works to the United States.
Donations by country
August 1st- According to the State Department of the United States, the gifts in this country reached the sum of 260 Billion S dollars in 2005 of which 77% are the fact of the private individuals including 122,8 billion dollars of outside assistance. Philanthropy accounts for 1% of the American GDP, that is to say more of the double of the European average. There exist 1,14 million associations to nonlucrative goal in the United States and the noncommercial sector accounts for 8,5% of the GDP (against 4,2% in France). The Americans give each year 250 billion dollars
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