Phenomenon
See also: Phenomenon (homonymy)
A phenomenon is what is perceptible by a conscious prone , in nature as in the field of the mental . All the phenomena are unfortunately not perceived; it is thus spring of science to release the limit between the rational and the Irrationnel in the perception or the absence of perception of a phenomenon.
In the language running, this term indicates especially the material element of an empirical fact , of an observable experiment. It can be then the object of scientific experiment . The use of the term phenomenon is necessary to pass beyond the presupposed philosophical ones of the prescientific origin of the term.
In cognitive Psychology , this term is used to indicate that our directions, and mainly those of a “observant ” detected a change in the usual sequence of a process, in the operation of a body, or, of a perceptible activity ; it is this phenomenon which requires to seek scrupulously and objectively an explanation has this change of state.
In a prosaic way, one can determine today fields which science will be able to never reach (because there exists indeed a Infini). However, no one could not deduce the unit from it from the potentially prédictibles phenomena, nor, a fortiori, to calculate the consequences of the action of not-observable on observed. There is thus today an awakening that the phenomena present in nature are not all explainable rationally. It is discovered that there exists an “independent” reality, i.e. who cannot be apprehended in the actual position of our sensitive and conceptual tools of observation.
Philosophical definitions
Kant opposes the phenomenon to the Noumène : the phenomena constitute the world such as we perceive it, and reveal a world of which the existence is on the contrary independent of our experiment, the thing in oneself . This design is that of Plato (myth of the cave), and is opposed to the Empirisme Berkeley and of Hume.Husserl sets out again of the empirical tradition to found the Phénoménologie. Bohr preferably uses the Concept of phenomenon to the made to stress the importance of the observer.
See too
Simple: Phenomenon
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