Pharnabaze Ier

Pharnabaze 1st Large the , or Pharnavaze Ier (Mtskheta, 309 av. J. - C. - 219 av. J. - C.), was the founder and the first monarch of the Royaume of Karthlie, of -284 with -219.

Karthlie before the formation of the Kingdom of Ibérie

For a long time, in Eastern Georgia, there was a kind of form of Démocratie Seigneur iale. Each city had its Seigneur - Maire, the mamasakhlissi . The mamasakhlissi was the equivalent of the perpetual archonte of Athens, however, there were no elections: the function of mamasakhlissi was hereditary.

We of do not know the mamasakhlissats nor the names of the mamasakhlissis, if they are not those of two Mamasakhlissis of Mtskheta: Samara and Azon (IVe century before J. - C.), which is known for us thanks to two works géorgiennes: Moktsevaï Karthlisaï ( Conversion of Karthlie , drawing up a list of kings de Karthlie until Mirian III of Karthlie (4th century)) and Karthlis Tskhovreba ( Life of Karthlie , biographies of first kings de Karthlie until the unification of Georgia (11th century).

Mamasakhlissi de Mtskheta was the chief of Karthlie from a point of view Politique: he was suzerain of the other mamasakhlissis.

Family origins and childhood of Pharnabaze Ier

According to Karthlis Tskhovreba, Pharnabaze Ier the Large one would be the downward one of Karthlos, wire of Torgama, which would have fondéla Région of Karthlie, called Ibérie by the Greek and the Romains (the word Ibérie comes from the city karthlienne Hsper ). Torgama was the son of Gomère, elder of wire of Japhet, wire of Noah. Thus, from a biblical point of view, Pharnabaze Ier went down from Adam and Eve, the first men on Ground according to the Genèse.

The name of the father of Pharnabaze Ier is unknown for us, however, we know that he was the brother of the mamasakhlissi of Mtskheta, Samara.

The mother of Pharnabaze was probably Perse, originating in the town of Ispahan. According to the little of sources which remains us on the subject of the reign of Pharnabaze Ier the Large one, we know that his uncle, Samara, were, therefore, mamasakhlissi of Mtskheta. But it was against the Greeks and during the invasion of the Eastern Georgia by Alexandre Large the, it was détrôné, killed and replaced by Azon, " Patrice Macédonien". This last made assassinate the family of Samara. However, the mother and her three children (Pharnabaze and its two sisters) succeed in hiding in the mountains of the Caucasus. It is over there that Pharnabaze has grows.

Conquest of the capacity by Pharnabaze Ier the Large one

Once to have reached the adulthood, Pharnabaze went down from the mountains of the Caucasus to join the town of Mtskheta (old capital of the Kingdom of Karthlie). It was presented near the mamasakhlissi of Mtskheta Azon which appreciated it for these qualities of hunter. However, it had not been presented near the mamasakhlissi Mtskheta under the title of Large and Good Chasse ur. But under the councils of its mother, Pharnabaze flees of Mtskheta because it was afraid of the anger of Azon if this last discovered the true identity of Pharnabaze. Then, it left to turn over in the mountains of the the Caucasus. However, Pharnabaze was a strong, inexhaustible man and, as showed it its is necessary title of presentation (Large and Good Hunter), it was the most gifted hunter in its field of all Karthlie. And it is besides this last quality which will permettera in Pharnabaze Ier to make the greatest discovery of its time. This discovery will completely make chambouler the history of Karthlie, like that of Pharnabaze: a treasure. Indeed, he discovered this treasure whereas he drove out: one day, whereas it drove out the stag, a Brebis was touched by one of the arrows of Pharnabaze. The ewe took refuge then in a cave. But Pharnabaze, which wanted to bring back food to its family, continued its prey in the cave. But in the cave, it made so much sinks that Pharnabaze had to light a fire in the cave. And as soon as it there considering a little more clearly, the surprise impressed the young prince: the ewe with the arrow planted in the heart was lengthened on an enormous heap of gold coins, invaluable stones and of all what can compose a treasure nowadays. Pharnabaze took again hope then to reconquer the throne of his/her uncle, lost because of the intervention of the Macedonians of Alexandre Large the. Consequently, it prevented its family of the éxistance of the treasure and they came all together inhabited in this invaluable cave. Then it put in relation to the governor of Egrissi (the Colchide of the Greeks) Koudji. This last defendant then the Count of the Ossètes, whose name is unknown for us, then moved with his army on Mtskheta. Ossètes made in the same way and thus, the mamasakhlissi Mtskheta Azon reversed. This last was surely killed in the battle, even if we do not have any information on the fate of the mamasakhlissi of Mtskheta. Thus Pharnabaze Ier the Large one became Pharnabaze Ier the Large one, Monarque of Karthlie .

Reign of Pharnabaze Ier the Large one

We do not know large thing of the clean reign of Pharnabaze Ier, if it is not its long correspondence with the King of Syria Antiochos Besides Ist, towards the beginning of its reign, Pharnabaze Ier would have been in the King of Asia which would have offered to him the title of King de Karthlie (because it was until there only Monarque sanatorium titrates of Karthlie). But provided that new king Pharnabaze Ier becomes Vassal of Syria. Pharnabaze Ier becomes thus " Wire of Antiochos Ier of Syria and Asie". The Kingdom of Karthlie will remain vassal of Syria until 190 before Jesus-Christ, date of the catch of Antioche by the Romans (it will become then vassal of Rome). The reign of Pharnabaze Ier the Large one was filled of reforms which are below detailed:

the Pantheon géorgien

Georgia for a long time had its gods and its beliefs but not in a manner " officielle". It is only King Pharnabaze Ier which generalized the beliefs géorgiennes. he declared the god of the Moon, Armaz, principal divinity. Gats and Gaym were the géorgiens equivalents of Ganymède. The Diane géorgienne was Dayana and his/her son, Amiran, were Prométhée connected on the Caucasus. Mzé, the god of the Sun was the second divinity of the Pantheon géorgien. The third was Kviria (which gave its name to Sunday géorgien: Kvira), the goddess of the Earth. These three divinities (Armaz, Mzé and Kviria) formed the Trinity of Géorgiens. The god of the Forests and the Wine was Otchopintré. There were several other divinities in ancient Georgia but their name are unknown for us. Each one of its gods had his idol but these statues were destroyed by Sainte Nino of Georgia, at the 4th century of our era.

the alphabet géorgien

The origin of the writing géorgienne is the constants subject of debate. It would thus have been rested by king Pharnabaze Ist However, we do not have writings former to the 5th century of our era. In ancient Georgia, one used the greque writing and araméennes, very diffused in the Middle East. The name of this ancient alphabet is the Assomtavrouli .

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