Phantasm

In the direction running, the phantasm is a mental Fixation or a unreasoned Croyance being able to lead to acts excessifs.
An attenuated form, in theory less dangerous, is the Lubie.

In the field of the Sexuality, the phantasm is the mental representation of images or ideas causing a desire or a sexual excitation.

In French before the discoveries of the psychoanalysis two words existed: phantasm, synonymous with hallucinations, and imagination which meant the capacity amongst other things to be imagined. The first translators of the texts of Sigmund Freud one chooses to translate the German word " phantasie" by a mixture of these two terms: phantasm.

History

Nancy Friday, which upsets the America in 1973 while making him discover, in “ secret My garden ”, which the women they also have of the phantasms.

Formerly and until very recently, to have phantasms was regarded as a waste of time and sometimes even a sign of mental disease. For the psychiatrists and speakers of today, the phantasms are of unquestionable interest since they make it possible to learn some much on the motivations from the individuals like on their personality.

According to the works and the authors whom one consults, the types of phantasms and their classification can vary enormously but one distinguishes two distinct goods types clearly.

Initially one finds the phantasms erotic S. This type of phantasms allows to obtain in an imaginary way certain satisfactions difficult to reach in reality.

In the second time, the other type of phantasms are the sexual phantasms. The sexual phantasms want to be them it tangible expression of this Sexualité.

Phantasm in Psychoanalysis

Translation of German “Phantasie” invented by Sigmund Freud, compromised between two existing terms: phantasm (either hallucination) and imagination (or, a great capacity to be imagined).

The phantasm is included/understood like a development derived from several elements, bringing into play different Pulsion S registered in the history from the subject. The phantasm is compromise-formation, it works out various materials, of which some are conscious and others not. But certain phantasms remain Inconscient S.
The phantasm can testify to a fixing of sexuality at a psychosexual stage, like the Oral stage or the anal Stade. From this point of view, it is result of a Régression.

Capacity with fantasmer sign a certain psychic normality: one can suspect among psychosomatic patients a failure of the fantasmatic function, located in the form of operational Pensée. The phantasm thus allows a regulation psychic of the unconscious desires, necessary to the mental good health.

At Melanie Klein, the whole of the psychic life could be included/understood only like fantasmatic.

At Bateson

At Gregory Bateson, the phantasm is an imaginary play activity of a theatrical play where each one is at the same time the author, the actor and the director. The “passage to the act” is the material manufacture of a phantasm. For Henri Atlan, any really new and innovative scientific assumption is about is delirious or the phantasm. It is insofar as this is delirious, or this phantasm, agrees to change, even to be abandoned in confrontations, that it deviates some.

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Works

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