Phanariotes
The Phanar or Fanar (Φανάρι in Greek, Turkish Fener) is a district of Istanbul, previously Constantinople. Its name comes from the Greek word “Fanari”, meaning the headlight, in reference to the building which had been built there during the Byzantine period .
After the catch of Constantinople by the Othoman in 1453, the district of Fanar became the district of the Greeks who remained in the city. The orthodoxe Patriarch of Constantinople settled there too. Sometimes, therefore, the word Fanar was used to indicate the Patriarchate.
Phanariotes are Greeks resulting from the rich person families living in the district and exerting important functions in the Othoman administration with XVIIe and XVIIIe centuries. Some descended from the imperial families Byzantine, and gave princes (Hospodar S) to the Rumanian Principalities of Moldavie and Valachie (Cantacuzène S, Paléologue S, Comnène S, mainly of 1707 with 1821…). Polyglots, they were often " dragoman s" or interpreters as a chief, which enabled them to direct, with the “Reis effendi” the foreign politics of the Ottoman Empire. The word “dragoman” is besides at the origin of the French word “intermediary” which indicates an intermediary, which is the interpreter. This function also enabled them to direct the islands of the Égée with Kapudan Pasha. Some of the Hospodars or voévodes of the Rumanian Principalities were humanistic, créerent schools, hospitals, roads, or abolished serfdom (Constantin Mavrocordat, 1741). They also had very strongly engaged in the development of education and the Greek culture. But corruption and the intrigues of which many others phanariotes went guilty as well to Constantinople as in Romania ended up their giving bad reputation: too much of them had been narrowly integrated into the corrupted Othoman system.
the Greek insurrection of 1821 put a term at their credit, and the majority were exiled in Romania, Russia, Greece and France, such princes Mourousi become Russian, but also a branch of Cantacuzènes and some others.
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