Petrology

The petrology (or “science of the rocks”) is interested in the mechanisms (Physique S, chemical and biological) which are at the origin of the formation and the transformation of the Roche S. From its phenomenologic step , petrology dissociates Pétrographie, discipline which is concerned with describe the rocks (in term of structures, textures, compositions…) and relations between these rocks and their geological Environment .

Because of nature of the implied phenomena, one can speak not about one but about three petrologic disciplines:

  • the magmatic petrology (sometimes also called Crystalline petrology “”): it is interested in the rocks of origin magma tick;
  • : The history of the formation of a magmatic rock of origin can be very complex: it begin with the genesis from a magma (schematically, a produced liquid of the fusion of preexistent rocks) and continues with the progressive Cristallisation of this magma, stage during and after which many chemical conversions proceed. By abuse language, one often restricts the use of the term “petrology” to the only discipline of magmatic petrology.
  • the sedimentary petrology : it is interested in the mechanisms governing the formation of the sedimentary rocks, from where its other denomination of Sédimentologie.
  • the metamorphic petrology : it gives itself for objective the comprehension of the transformations which lead to the formation of metamorphic rocks , such as the Schiste S or the Gneiss. In the beginning simple magmatic or sedimentary rocks, these metamorphic rocks knew, during one period of hiding to great depth in the earth's crust, the “misdeeds” of a long exposure to strong pressures and high temperatures. Under the terms of what, their textures, their mineralogy, their chemistry also, could know deep transformations.

These three fields of studies are characterized clearly by the tools and methods which they implement. Various software of systematization and simulation allows a general dynamic approach, but the field studies are varied. Globalemenent, they are based all on petrographic approaches and draw largely from the tools, methods and concepts proposed by other sciences (in the forefront of which the Chimie, the Organic chemistry, the Physique, the Physicochimie, the numerical Analyze, etc) and more particularly of the Géoscience S (Géochimie, Géodésie, Géophysique, Minéralogie).

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petrology|petrology

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