Peter Pan - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Work

James Barrie created Peter Pan by telling stories with wire of his/her friend Sylvia Llewelyn Davies, with whom it had a special relation. Sylvia was the girl of Georges of Maurier, satirical draftsman and fellow traveller of Henry James. " Peter" was the first name of young person of these wire, and Pan pointed out the Greek god Nature.

For certain commentators, the character could be invented by Barrie in the memory of the mourning of his David older brother, died in 13 years. His/her mother never went back from there really. For Andrew Birkin, author of J.M. Barrie and the Lost Servant boys , “If Margaret Ogilvy found comfort in the idea that David while dying child, would remain a child forever, Barrie found his inspiration there. ”

Peter Pan makes her first printed appearance in 1902 in the book The Little White Bird (literally, the small white bird, whose French translation has just left, for the first time, more than one hundred years after its creation), which was used for to create the play Peter Pan gold The Boy Who Wouldn' T Grow Up ( Peter Pan or the boy which did not want to grow ). The first took place with London the December 27th 1904. In 1906, the part of The Little White Bird concerning Peter Pan is published only: Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens , illustrated by Arthur Rackham. Lastly, Barrie adapted the part in a novel published in 1911 and titrated Peter and Wendy , currently known under the title Peter Pan .

During the middle of the 20th century, the first name " Wendy " became popular in England thanks to the character of the novel.

A statue of George Frampton was set up in Kensington Gardens with London. Peter Pan is represented there playing of the flute.

History

Complete work is accessible in a bond from this section.

This Friday evening, the way is free for Peter Pan, the little boy who refuses to grow: Mr. and Mrs Darling are absent and the Nana bitch, which holds place of children's nurse with their children Wendy, John and Michael, is forced with the inaction, connected in the garden.

Come to recover his shade given up at the time of a preceding visit, Peter is vis-a-vis Wendy. Avid of the stories which it will be able to tell him, he persuades it to follow it until the imaginary Pays (Neverland or in Dutch fantasieland)

Wendy will have to deny jealousy the fairy Clochette (Tinker Bell) and to take care there on the small family of the lost boys, formerly fallen from their pram, of which it becomes the mother. Taken along by Peter Pan, Wendy and her brothers extraordinary adventures will live to which the Red Skins and Lily Tigresse will be frays (Tiger Lily), but especially Pirates and their chief, the famous Capitaine Hook, which forever forgiven in Peter to have cut the hand to him before throwing it in grazing ground with the Crocodile which continues it since without truce…

Topics

The most obvious main theme and is the fact of growing… or not.
Peter wants to remain a child for always, and to avoid the responsibilities for the adulthood, it is locked up to some extent in the world of childhood.

Certain commentators see there also the topic of the awakening of sexuality at Wendy, and the feelings freudiens of Peter towards a maternal figure, and its conflict feelings for Wendy and the fairy Clochette ( Tinkerbell ). They represent each one a different idealized woman. One can in makes determine at least four inaccessible prototypes starting from the female characters: Wendy, Small bell, Sirens, and Lily.

The character of Peter Pan

The character of Peter Pan is more ambiguous than it does not appear to with it with the first access. This is why, in spite of appearances, Peter Pan is not only one tale for children, but well a precursory account of the Syndrome of Peter Pan .
Obviously, it is a child who refuses to grow, but it is not only the merry child whom it appears.

Peter is very related to the imaginary Country, it is the imaginary Country and all his characters, the goods like the malicious ones. If it leaves the imaginary Country, the world falls asleep, nature fades and the lost Children do not fight any more with the pirates.
Tout changes constantly in Neverland, the lost Children are never the same ones (when they are too large, they leaves or is directly carried out by Peter because " to grow is contrary with the règlement"), the malicious ones change (once Crochet is killed, others will appear), the fairies have also a very short life, and the adventures are connected. Seul Peter Pan is immutable in this world, it is the main eternal of the play, it is the play itself.

Peter Pan is defined on several occasions, following the example all children like " merry, innocent and without cœur" : completely égocentré, it grants only little importance to the other characters, whom it regards only as its developments. At the end of the history, it ends up forgetting his former friends (and enemies), and the old adventures which it lived are perpetually replaced by news. All, separately, is interchangeable for him, it will seek the children generation after generation and forgets the precedents each time.

The novel shows that Peter Pan is not somebody of human or a hero: in the history it is unable of love, compassion or some major feeling that it is. There remains eternally blocked in the factitious one, not making any difference between the play and reality.

Moreover, work does not show us only one nice fellow dreamer in evil of adventure. On the contrary, it is a boy who fully is obstinated not to age nor to remember (it will not come more each spring to return visit in Wendy, because for him, this “infinite” time that gets to him the imaginary Country makes him lose in an irremediable way the concept of Time. Wendy knows it very well: " And Wendy were to be conscious about it, if not why would she have addressed goodbye so plaintive to him? "). Peter is also cruel (without realizing it). On a certain side, one can say that the character most representative of Peter in this imaginary Country is the Capitaine Hook (" Hook" in English). The Crochet captain is, in many points, similar to Peter:

They are feared mutually, but cannot live one without the other (collapse of the balance of the Good and the Evil). It is necessary always that somebody fears another character; Crochet fears the Crocodile, the pirates fear the Indians, the Indians fear the wild animals, the wild animals fear the children, the Lost Boys fear the pirates. All turns in round in this Imaginary Country, and each clan runs through the island in an uninterrupted way without never meeting. And when well even Peter would kill Crochet, Peter would take at once the role of Hook not to break the balance of the island, while waiting for that a new enemy occurs. It is besides what occurs.

They are both only and without love. Hook knows it very well and succeeds in with difficulty living with, but Peter does not know quite simply what is the love (which is very close to him, thanks to Wendy which, it, refuses to remain a child and starts his first feelings in love towards Peter). However, if one refers to the type of history which adores to listen to in Peter Pan hiding-place, the evening on the balcony of Wendy, they are only stories of love ending in a kiss and where the Good triumphs over the Evil .

But what separates the Capitaine Hook and Peter Pan is lived, the adult side. The adult is a pirate for Peter. Moreover, one can see his reaction when, for the first time, Peter is confronted with the cruelty and the perfidy of the man: it remained stops bée during a few moments, incompetent to include/understand why Crochet made such a low blow. It is because of all these adult defects , brought by pitiless time, that Peter Pan refuses to grow: it would be for him a degeneration.

But what is really Peter Pan? A pirate. In its book, when Peter Pan triumphs over Hook, Barrie absolutely holds so that one notices that Peter Pan replaces her enemy at once, taking her clothing and imitating it to the hook: Thereafter, the rumor ran that the first night when it carried this costume, there remained a long time sitted in the cabin, the cigar-holder of Hook to the lips, and all the folded up fingers of a hand, except for the index which he held bent in the air in a threatening way, like a hook .

One is well far from the Disney universe, and behind appearances of a small tale for children, a text a vertiginous depth hides where each sentence imports, and where a thorough analysis is necessary for all to include/understand. The final chapter, considered by some as a fine secondary, is probably the most important passage and most conclusive of what wants to forward to us the author. Time passes, irremediably, for any living being, and nobody can nothing change with that. One sees it with the character of Wendy, in the final chapter: Peter is afraid of it, because it grew. It is thus folded back on the child of Wendy, Jane…

Peter Pan and the imaginary Country are nothing more than the phantasm of any child (a Fountain of Youth where Peter Pan is the Master). A perfect world mixed with the spirit of community garçonnier, conquest, stories without end: a place where time does not have any more importance and where the morning raises at every moment…

Adaptations

Peter Pan was adapted several times to the theater and the cinema. Since the original part of Barrie ( Peter Pan, gold The Servant boy Who Wouldn' T Grow Up ), Peter was played by a woman. A film of 2003 is the first to see the character played by a male actor.

Among the musical comedies, most known were those of Jerome Kern (1924), Leonard Bernstein (1950); and that of 1954 assembled by Jerome Robbins and whose songs were written by two teams of authors: Mark Charlap and Carolyn Leigh, Jule Styne with Betty Comden and Adolph Green.

In 1953, Disney leaves a cartoon film (Peter Pan) with musics Sammy Cahn, Frank Churchill, Sammy Fain and Ted Sears.

In 2000, a film of the musical comedy of Jerome Kern was declared “culturally important” by the Bibliothèque of the Congress of the United States, and was selected to be preserved by the National Film Registry.

In 2003, P.J. Hogan carried out a film, Peter Pan played by a young actor, Jeremy Sumpter and Crochet by Jason Isaacs.

In 2004, Marc Forster carries out the film Neverland ( Finding Neverland ) where Johnny Depp incarnates James Mr. Barrie, the father of Peter Pan with, inter alia, Dustin Hoffman, Kate Winslet.

Continuations

Several artists tried to create continuations with the adventures of Peter Pan inspired of the history of Barrie.

Gilbert Adair imagined in Peter Pan and the Only Children in 1987 that Peter reformed a new gang under the ocean, starting from the children fallen from the ships.

In 1993: Wings of Peter Pan, by François Rivière, Francoise Balibar, ED. Threshold Youth, illustrated by Merry Rene.

In Hook or the Revenge of the Captain Hook , Steven Spielberg put in scene a Peter Pan become adult (Robin Williams) who is brought back to the imaginary Country by the fairy Clochette (Julia Roberts) for an ultimate combat against the Captain Hook. (played by Dustin Hoffman)

In 2002, Disney left cartoon film Return to Neverland , continuation of its preceding film of 1953. The action proceeds during the German Blitz on London during the Second world war and milked problem of the children forced to grow too quickly .

Let us note that Régis Loisel created a series of cartoons ( Peter Pan with the Vent editions of west) where the action proceeds in 1888 and is thus former to the novel. It recalls the arrival of Peter to the imaginary Country.

An official continuation, the Red Dress of Peter Pan of Geraldine McCaughrean, left with the agreement the hospital of Great Ormond Street of London, is appeared with the Pocket Editions on October 5th, 2006.

Copyright

The government of the the United Kingdom declared a perpetual Copyright ( with has compulsory license provision ) on works of the Peter Pan cycle. The declaration appears in section 301 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988.

This law orders to transfer the rights of the part Peter Pan of Sir James Matthew Barrie to the hospital for ill children in Great Ormond Street in London (that James Barrie had chosen like heir); when she is played in public, published in business ends, diffused or included in cabled programs. (Text of the law) That also relates to all the adaptations. The copyright in the United Kingdom and the majority of the European countries had expired the December 31st 1987, 50 years after the death of the author, but was restored in 1995, when the European Union standardized the term of copyright at 70 years after the death of the author. The Hospital of Great Ormond St restored its copyright, which will expire in Europe on December 31st, 2007.

This law does not relate to The Little White Bird . This copyright will cease with the disappearance of the Great Ormond Street Hospital, or with the abolition of this section. This is not a repetitive extension of the copyright like the Congress of the United States to the practice to vote some.

However, the author Emily Somma carried felt sorry for against the hospital to protect his book After the Rain: In New Adventure off Peter Pan , and argues that the characters are from now on in the public domain in the United States.

See too

Captain Hook

Syndrome of Peter Pan

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